Active clinical trials for "Acute Disease"

The purpose of this study is to compare acute ill elderly medical patients in a geriatric department with general medical departments, and to examine the effects of comprehensive geriatric assessment in the geriatric setting compared with general medical care.

There is suggestive evidence for a role of dietary in the etiology of asthma and chronic bronchitis. However, there are few prospective data. We propose to expand our collaboration with the Singapore Chinese Health Study to examine dietary, environmental, and genetic factors, along with their interactions, in relation to the risk of developing asthma and chronic bronchitis. The Singapore Chinese Health Study is a cohort of 63,257 men and women of Chinese ethnicity in Singapore who were aged 45-74 years at enrollment from 1993 to 1998. Telephone follow-up of the cohort to update and outcome information began in 1999 and is ongoing. We expect to identify 538 cases of incident asthma and 672 cases of incident chronic bronchitis when the current follow-up questionnaire cycle is complete in 2004. In this proposal, we would validate self-reports of incident asthma, obtain follow-up data from the entire cohort to perform analyses of dietary and smoking in relation to these outcomes, and analyze genetic material on cases of incident asthma and chronic bronchitis and controls from the cohort. In this proposal we will examine the following hypotheses: Higher intake of fruits and/or antioxidant micronutrients decreases the risk of developing asthma and chronic bronchitis. a. Effects if fruit and/or antioxidant micronutrients may differ by smoking history. Common polymorphisms in genes involved in the response to oxidative stress influence the risk of asthma and chronic Bronchitis. We initially propose to examine polymorphisms in three genes--glutathione S-tranferase M1, glutahione S-transferase P1, and matrix metalloproteinase-1. However, we plan to examine additional relevant polymorphisms in the future, especially taking advantage of high throughput screens of candidate genes for asthma and chronic bronchitis. It is possible that by 2004 when the sample set will be available that more compelling candidates and high throughput screens may be available to us at a low cost. Thus we will re-evaluate our choice when the samples are available. Polymorphisms in these and other genes interact with fruit/antioxidant intake and/or smoking to influence the risk of asthma and chronic bronchitis.

Circulatory shock is a condition of generalized inadequate blood flow through the body, leading to insufficient tissue perfusion and inadequate delivery of oxygen and other nutrients, to the extent that tissues are damaged. Four basic mechanisms of circulatory failure are distinguished, caused by a scale of underlying illnesses: distributive, hypovolemic, obstructive and cardiogenic shock. The last three types are characterized by a low cardiac output and hypovolemia. Distributive shock is characterized by peripheral circulation failure, with a low systemic vascular resistance, a disturbed microcirculation and a high cardiac output. Frequently, these forms overlap. Shock is a common problem in the intensive care unit (ICU) as it affects about one third of the patients. Septic shock appears to be the most common type, followed by cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock. The diagnosis of shock is based on clinical examination with use of well-known circulatory parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate; biochemical parameters such as lactate and direct (semi-)invasive measurement of cardiac output and other variables. Since cardiac output is an important determinant of oxygen delivery, many different methods of measuring cardiac output have been suggested. These methods range from non-invasive to invasive measurements with central lining. The most invasive method, the pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) has long been considered the optimal form of monitoring cardiac output by using thermodilution. However, this technique is associated with adverse events, such as bleeding, and there is no clear evidence of improved outcome. Therefore, numerous other techniques have been proposed, ranging from systems that use the dilution technique but only require central venous and peripheral artery lines; to less invasive tools that estimate cardiac output based on the arterial pressure waveform; and to non-invasive echocardiography. Despite technical advances, much remains unknown about the value of conventionally used hemodynamic parameters for estimating cardiac output. A distinction between macro- and microcirculatory parameters can be made. Commonly used macro-circulatory parameters are heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure. Lactate is used as a proxy for microcirculatory status. Over the years several other measurements have been suggested to improve insight in the hemodynamics of a certain patient or a group of patients. Skin temperature, capillary refill, mottling score and urinary output are used for hemodynamic assessment of the peripheral circulation and tissue perfusion. Most of these parameters have not been evaluated in a large prospective study and especially a combination of all these parameters has not directly been correlated to cardiac output. More knowledge on the predictive value of all hemodynamic parameters in estimating cardiac output could assist physicians in earlier detection of impaired hemodynamics without the need for invasive or advanced methods. In this study the investigators aim to evaluate all hemodynamic parameters in a large unselected population of critically ill patients and to correlate them to cardiac output. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to create an infrastructure for a registry flexible to incorporate temporarily added specific research questions on the outcome of critically ill patients.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common progressive lung disease which causes breathlessness and frequent exacerbations, with patients often requiring hospitalisation. Patients with severe COPD commonly become housebound and lose their independence. They have a higher symptom burden than those with incurable lung cancer, yet are less likely to receive specialist palliative care, or to have been engaged in advance care planning (where patients discuss and often document their wishes regarding their future care). Hospital admissions become increasingly common towards the end-of-life; therefore, hospitalisation is a good opportunity to identify patients at risk of poor outcome. Such patients may wish to consider alternatives to admission and avoid intrusive treatments. Unfortunately, predicting which patients are likely to die in the near future is challenging thus far. The first step required to improve provision of palliative care services, and ensure patients are given the opportunity to make truly informed decisions about their future care, is accurate identification of those most likely to benefit. Well-designed clinical (prognostic) tools outperform clinician judgement in most settings. The investigators will compare the accuracy of one year mortality prediction of several clinical tools in patients who survive a COPD exacerbation requiring admission. This will initially be performed using existing data collected during previous research (the 1,593 patient validation study for the PEARL score - Previous admissions, extended Medical Research Council Dyspnoea score, Age, Right and Left heart failure), then confirmed in at least 310 patients admitted uniquely and consecutively with an exacerbation of COPD. The latter group of patients will be invited to participate in a longitudinal follow-up study, assessing symptom burden, quality of life, and readmissions over one year.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging on diagnosis and surgical decision in patients with suspected acute appendicitis. Investigators believe that Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a valuable method in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and in making the decision of surgery.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the analgesic efficacy of the preoperatively applied Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block in the management of acute appendicitis-related abdominal pain and post-appendectomy pain.

Evaluation of immunogenicity and safety of the subjects aged 60 years and above with chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease recruited to receive the schedule of two doses inactivated COVID-19 vaccine with the interval of 21 days .

The objective of this global non-interventional study is to evaluate the impact of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis(AECB) on the patient and the community as well as the safety and effect of a treatment with Moxifloxacin tablets in daily life clinical practice. This includes data on the course of symptom relief, speed of return to normal daily life activities as well as records on adverse events. This study will be performed in accordance with international guidelines like EMEA (EMEA, EUDRALEX Volume 9A, Pharmacovigilance for Medicinal Products for Human Use) as well as local laws.

This study is a local, prospective, open-label, company-sponsored, non interventional, multi-center study. Patients documented must suffer from an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and take at least one dose of Moxifloxacin injection.The primary objective is to obtain clinical effectiveness and safety data of Moxifloxacin injection in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in patients in whom Moxifloxacin was routinely prescribed. The secondary objective is to find out the possible correlation between the risk factors (sex, smoking, number of previous exacerbations, etc) and AECB, the different treatment effectiveness according to Anthonisen classification. This study will also collect the data of pathogens by sputum culture and the defervescence time of Moxifloxacin injection in treating Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis (AECB).

After appendectomy was first described by Mcburney in 1889, it has been the most practiced emergency surgery in the world with the lifetime incidence of acute appendicitis being 5%-25%. Most cases are uncomplicated cases without any complications and perforation (20%-30%). Although appendectomy is still a curative therapy, medical treatment has come to the fore in uncomplicated cases after improvements in imaging methods for diagnosing acute appendicitis and especially the developments in antibiotherapy. Medical treatment for acute appendicitis is, in fact, not a new condition. Practicing the option of elective surgery following intravenous antibiotherapy for plastron appendicitis that is among the complicated acute appendicitis has lead to further consideration of medical treatment. A number of studies conducted for this purpose suggest that conservative treatment in uncomplicated acute appendicitis may be a first-line treatment. Medical treatment of the uncomplicated acute appendicitis prevents negative appendectomies, which indicates that surgical removal of non-inflamed appendix ranging from 6% to 20%. In addition to preventing unnecessary organ loss, it ensures eliminating postoperative complications such as intestinal obstruction and wound site complications due to surgery. Immature granulocytes (IG) are monitored in peripheral blood as immature polymorphonuclear cells because of the activation of bone marrow. Although their counts can be determined through direct inspection, they can be provided with automated systems within complete blood count parameters as well as technological developments. The increase in their number specifically suggests the activation of the bone marrow and can provide information about the infectious process before leukocytosis is observed. This study aimed to determine the importance of IG count and percentage to evaluate the role of medical treatment and control its success in cases of uncomplicated acute appendicitis.