Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Insufficiency"

This study is designed to evaluate the relationship between diaphragm activity during mechanical ventilation and the development of ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). Diaphragm structure, activity, and function are monitored longitudinally over the first 7 days of mechanical ventilation.

Diagnosis of pneumonia remains difficult in intensive care unit (ICU), notably after cardiac surgery. Lung ultrasonography (LUS) has been successfully used for diagnosis of pneumonia, but its usefulness and reliability was never evaluated after cardiac surgery. This study investigates the clinical relevance of LUS for pneumonia diagnoses in cardiac ICU.

Apgar scoring system has been widely used for the evaluation of the infant's postnatal condition. As conventional Apgar scoring system is affected by gestational age and resuscitative efforts, there is a need for development of new scoring systems for the assessment in the delivery room. Herein, Modified Combined Apgar scoring system which includes two new parameters (cord blood pH and targeted oxygen saturation level) has been developed and the utility of this modified system was compared with Conventional and Combined Apgar scoring systems for prediction of hospitalization.

We recently described the ROX index, defined as the ratio of SpO2/FIO2 to respiratory rate that outperformed the diagnostic accuracy of the two variables separately. Patients who had a ROX index ≥4.88 after 12 hours of HFNC therapy were less likely to be intubated, even after adjusting for potential covariates. Like any other scoring system, an independent validation of the score in a different population is necessary. We therefore undertook a multicenter, prospective study to validate the ROX index's diagnostic accuracy for determining which patients will fail on HFNC and will need to be intubated.

Shock and respiratory failure are common reasons for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) at our institution. The various causes of acute shock and respiratory failure are traditionally assessed with the use of history, physical examination, chest x-ray, EKG and laboratory studies. Unfortunately, much of this clinical information is either insensitive or non-specific. 1 Critical care ultrasound (CCUS) is a rapid and non-invasive tool, which has been shown to be useful in the intensive care unit to assist in the diagnosis and management of patients in shock or respiratory failure.2 The investigators hypothesize that the trained fellow's interpretation of critical care ultrasound images will be accurate when compared to experts and that ultrasounds will change diagnosis and management of the patient in shock and respiratory failure.

Postoperative pulmonal complications (Abbreviation - PPC) after major abdominal surgery remains a significant clinical problem delaying rehabilitation after surgery. CPAP is one approach to minimize the frequency and severeness of PPC. In the investigators' organization intermittent mask CPAP every 2 hour, 15min, is used routineously after major abdominal surgery. Recently new devices has been designed, which give the opportunity tip deliver continuously CPAP with out interruptions because of presumed better comfort. Therefore better patient compliance. No studies to date have investigated the possible benefit of using continuously helm CPAP versus the traditional intermittent mask CPAP after major abdominal surgery. The investigators' study will investigate if there are any benefits with continuously Helm CPAP Versus intermittent Mask CPAP After Major Abdominal Surgery.

This study will be conducted in Ain Shams University Hospital in the general intensive care unit after ethical committee approval number (FMASU R 9/2020) .It is a prospective randomized controlled study. Eligible patients will be randomized by computer system to one of two groups either High Flow Nasal Oxygen (HFNO) group or Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV) group. Inclusion criteria includes admitted immunocompromised patients to our general 34 beds ICU with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (ARF).

This study is being done because researchers want to learn more about genes that control the immune response in the participant's lungs and blood when the participant have lung disease leading to respiratory failure. Primary Objective To evaluate the feasibility of performing single cell gene expression analyses on tracheal aspirates from immunocompromised pediatric patients with immune compromising conditions, including HCT recipients. Secondary Objectives To assess whether cell composition and activation states in longitudinally obtained tracheal aspirate and blood samples are able to distinguish unique immunopathology for each of the early post-HCT lung diseases. To assess whether cell composition and activation states in longitudinally obtained tracheal aspirate and blood samples are different between two immunodeficient patient populations (alloHCT vs non alloHCT) with lung disease and respiratory failure. To test the hypothesis that allogeneic T cell responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of early post-HCT lung diseases. Exploratory Objectives To correlate immune cell signaling in the lower respiratory tract and blood of patients with early post-HCT lung diseases with the presence or absence of pathogenic microbes at each site. To explore HLA testing in Tracheal Aspirates in samples where enough cells are present.

This project aims to develop software models describing how critically ill patients respond to changes in their treatment whilst admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). We will use high performance computers to fit software models to the physiological and treatment data of patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that can lead to respiratory failure requiring oxygen therapy. Some patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may die despite intensive care therapy. Currently it is unknown a) how fast patients recover after being discharged from hospital and b) what underlying predictors may influence recovery.