Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Insufficiency"

Respiratory physiology involves a complex interplay of elements including control of breathing, respiratory drive, pulmonary mechanics, distribution of ventilation and gas exchange. Body position may also play an important role in respiratory mechanics. While effective methods exist for measuring these variables, they are typically measured in isolation rather than in combination. In pulmonary disease, decreasing mechanical stress and strain and optimizing transpulmonary pressure or the distending pressure across the lung, minimizing overdistention and collapse are central to clinical management. Obesity has a significant impact on pulmonary mechanics and is a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, our understanding of these elements is limited even in the general population. The investigators plan to use various validated methods to assess control of breathing, respiratory drive, distribution of ventilation and gas exchange to obtain a better understanding of underlying physiologic signatures in patients with and without obesity and the role of posture/position, with a secondary analysis comparing participants with and without obstructive sleep apnea.

In this preliminary, crossover investigation the investigators will examine the effect of oxygen supplementation on the recovery of breathing in the immediate post-anesthesia period.

Ultrasound of the diaphragm is an easily reproducible bedside tool that provides a non-invasive measurement of inspiratory muscle function and respiratory efficiency. The diaphragmatic thickness correlates with the strength and muscle shortening and is reflective of its contribution to the respiratory workload. Diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) has been shown to be predictive of extubation failure in ventilated patients. However, whether measurements of DTF are predictive of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) outcomes in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) remains unknown. The objective of this study is to identify predictors of HFNC failure by diaphragm ultrasound and to compare its performance with the well-established ROX index.

The study is aimed at the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with completed vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 admitted to the hospital in the standard ward and intensive care unit due to the severe course of COVID-19.

This study plans to learn more about people who are sick in the hospital with a lung infection, or respiratory failure. Respiratory failure, or severe lung failure, is a life-threatening disease. When it happens, the lungs have trouble carrying out their normal function of getting oxygen into the blood, and removing carbon dioxide from the body. Investigators are conducting this study to see what drinking too much alcohol, using tobacco products, or using drugs (both legal and illegal) may do to lung infections and respiratory failure. Subjects are asked to be in this research study because they are thought to have a lung infection and may also have respiratory failure. Alcohol, tobacco, and drug use have been linked to lung infections, respiratory failure, and even death, but the reasons for this aren't known. People who use unhealthy amounts of alcohol, tobacco, and or drugs may be more at risk for lung infections, and for severe complications due to lung infection. Subject participation is important whether or not you use alcohol and or drugs.

This study is designed to characterize the changes in diaphragm structure, function and biology during bridging to lung transplant by mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal life support.

The investigators developed a web-based survey to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice of health care professionals about patient-ventilator asynchrony.

Modern management of acute respiratory failure aims to relieve dyspnea and anxiety by providing a non-invasive respiratory support. This approach tries to avoid endotracheal intubation, patient self inflicted lung injuries (PSILI) and diaphragmatic dysfunction. The present study aims to evaluate dyspnea, pulmonary regional ventilation and diaphragmatic function in patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure by different observations, and to bring risk factor for intubation out.

This is an observational study that will be enrolling University of Louisville patients who present to the Emergency Department in Acute Respiratory Failure. This study will be to determine if the addition of Eko AI-assisted lung auscultation examination to a standard of care Pulmonary POCUS + assists with acute respiratory failure diagnosis.

This study is designed to test the hypothesis that poor cerebral perfusion during critical illness is a risk factor for acute and long-term neurological dysfunction among survivors. We use near-infrared spectroscopy to measure brain tissue oxygenation as a non-invasive surrogate marker for cerebral perfusion. Acute neurological dysfunction is defined as the presence of delirium, which is assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method-Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Chronic neurological dysfunction is defined as having quantitative impairments on robotic testing (KINARM robot) and traditional neuropsychological screening (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status).