Active clinical trials for "Liver Failure, Acute"

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the narrowing or blockage of the artery of the heart and is prevalent in end-stage liver disease. Consultation with cardiologist and stress tests are recommended to patients under consideration for liver transplant. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if Computed Tomography Angiogram (CTA) and CTA-derived Fractional Flow Reserve (FFRct) procedure influences decisions about further cardiac testing compared with Standard of Care (SOC) such as consultation by a cardiologist, Echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart), Electrocardiogram (ECG) and stress tests.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the outcome and to determine predictive factors of patients admitted in a context of acute liver failure without identified cause.

Patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) often develop cerebral edema, high intracranial pressure (ICP)that may result in fatal brain damage. The aim in this protocol is to determine if a rise in the brain concentration of glutamate, lactate and pyruvate are involved in development of surges of high ICP in patients with FHF. The study is observatory in nature and also record the influence of any intervention that may e instituted during the course of the critical illness.

Neuromonitoring of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is challenging. Clinical scoring systems produce insufficient information with deeply sedated patients, and disturbances of normal hemostasis limit the use of invasive intra-cranial pressure measurements. EEG based monitoring algorithms have been introduced into the operation theater and general anaesthesia, but these algorithms cannot be used in the intensive care setting without modifications. EEG is also susceptible to electrical disturbances, such as those created by patient movement. The study is conducted in Finland, in the intensive care unit of the Surgical Hospital of Helsinki. The total number of patients in this study is 20, and it is a part of a larger neuromonitoring study with a total of 110 patients. The patients are divided into four subgroups, as follows: 1. patients admitted to ICU with acute liver failure, 2. patients admitted to the postoperative cardio-thoracic ICU after cardiac surgery with perioperative total heart arrest, 3. patients admitted to the ICU because of status epilepticus and finally 4. patients in critical condition, admitted to the ICU after any surgery. This study concentrates on the first group of patients with acute liver failure. Clinical care of patients is not altered. When arriving into the ICU EEG-monitoring will added to routine monitoring. To evaluate the neurological status the following tests are performed: clinical test, blood tests and transcranial doppler ultrasound. The Entropy of EEG is measured along with the raw EEG signal. The recruiting of study patients was begun in December 2005 and the final study patients were recruited in December 2011. GE Healthcare Finland supplies the entropy monitoring devices and pays the salary of the research nurses who collect the study data. Clinical investigators will not receive funding from any commercial company. All patients (or their next of kin) included have given their written informed consent for inclusion in the study. The aim of this study is to find new factors and new non-invasive techniques, which correlate with the neurological state and outcome of patients suffering critical illness.

After successful screening diagnosis of cirrhosis and/or acute or chronic liver failure will be made. These patients will undergo detail clinical, biochemical and microbiological examination at baseline. Clinical examination and Biochemical evaluation will be done daily and signs of infection will be noted. Patients will undergo microbiological screening for infection every 48 hours. Patients suspected or diagnosed to be suffering from infections will be treated as per ILBS (Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences) antibiotic policy. Site and etiology (bacterial and/or fungal) of infections will be noted in all patients at admission in liver specialty ICU (Intensive Care Unit) and during the ICU (Intensive Care Unit) stay. All the patients will be followed until discharge or death in ICU (Intensive Care Unit).

The definition and diagnostic criteria of Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has been well established by EASL CANONIC study. However, patients with high risk to develop ACLF has not been determined, yet. The aim of current study is to establish a preliminary pre-ACLF definition, and to demonstrate the corresponding risk factors.

Introduction: Hepatic insufficiency is a complication that puts the life of the patient undergoing resective surgery at risk. Thus, the diagnosis should be made early. The current gold standard allows its diagnosis on the fifth postoperative day. Indocyanine green is a water soluble dye. When administered intravenously, it binds to plasma proteins and it is removed unchanged by bile, without experiencing enterohepatic recirculation, which allows estimating the function of hepatocytes and the function of hepato-splacnic flow. There is a measurement system named "Non-invasive liver function monitor" (LiMON®, PULSION Medical Systems, Munich, Germany), which allows the measurement of indocyanine green clearance at the patient's bedside. Justification: The use of indocyanine green plasma disappearance during the perioperative period tries to know the exact value of the hepatic function in the most real conditions, when the excision has been performed, thus giving the investigators the actual value of the unresected liver. This allows te investigators to estimate the risk of hepatic insufficiency development that can lead to hepatic failure. Due to the characteristics of the test, it could get reliable results earlier than the current "gold standard " (50:50 Criteria on the 5th postoperative day). Hypotheses and Objectives: The investigators hypothesized that the determination of the hepatic reserve by identifying the indocyanine plasma clearance in real time after hepatic parenchymal resection could lead to a more accurate and earlier statement of the hepatic reserve than current tests. The aim of the study is to determine the usefulness of indocyanine green in the perioperative period to early diagnosis of hepatic failure. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational post-authorization study (EPA-SP) is performed to study de usefulness of indocyanine green. The study was approved by the Ethics and Clinical Research Committee of the University General Hospital of Ciudad Real. Surgical patients scheduled for liver surgery, who agreed to be included in the study and signed an informed consent, were included in the study over a two-year period, after having understood the study objectives and its possible complications. Measurements were performed with the LiMON® monitor prior to liver resection and on the first postoperative day to patients undergoing liver resection surgery and compared with gold standard.

Background: Central Venous catheter insertion technique and indwelling time are major risk factors for CVC colonisation. Colonisation occurs through microbial migration and biofilm formation along the catheter insertion tract. This study set out to determine the prevalence and associated factors for central venous catheter colonisation among critically ill patient. No data exists in this clinical setting addressing this topic. Methods: The study population included 100 participants with central venous catheters in situ for at least 24 hours. Catheter tip (distal 5-cm segment) and blood cultures (10mls peripheral blood) were obtained at the time of catheter removal.

The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of hospitalization with acute liver failure among patients with type 2 diabetes who are new users of Saxagliptin and those who are new users of other oral antidiabetic drugs.

Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a distinct entity encompassing the acute deterioration of liver function, culminating in multiple organs failure and high short-term mortality. Currently, there are differences in definitions and descriptions between western and eastern types of ACLF, especially in the definition of chronic liver disease and its precipitating events. The CANONIC (EASL-CLIF ACLF in Cirrhosis) study put forward CLIF-SOFA (chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment) scores as the clinical diagnostic criteria of ACLF in 2013. Although the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) reached a consensus for diagnostic criteria of ACLF in 2008, it is based on expert opinion. This prospective multicenter clinical trial is launched to clarify the eastern type of ACLF (HBV related) and estimate whether the eastern and western (alcoholic related) types are homogenous. 3 key points of concern are: (1) Whether HBV and non-HBV ACLFs are belonged to a homogenous disease entity which share the same diagnostic criteria, disease grades classification and prognostic model? (2) Whether acute deteriorating patients from cirrhosis or from mild fibrosis (S1-S2) belong to a homogenous entity? (3) To clarify if there are heterogenous groups in APASL criteria diagnosed ACLF patients. 14 Chinese national wide liver centers have been included. Continuous hospitalized chronic liver disease patients of various etiologies (including both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic) with acute decompensation (AD) or acute hepatic injury (ALI) (aminotransferase > 3NL(normal level)) will be recruited from January to December 2015. Biochemical parameters, organ failure will be collected and evaluated at day 1,4,7,14,21 and 28 after enrollment. Patients'death and LT (liver transplantation) are the primary and secondary endpoints of observation. Mortality and LT rate will be calculated at 28 days,90 days,180 days,1 year and 2 years after enrollment. Considering there will lack of liver biopsy in most of the patients, both CT and FibroScan as supplementary methods to differentiate non-cirrhotic patients. The patients will be continuously followed up once a month until the 24th month after hospital discharging and follow similar hospitalization process again whenever they have new ALI or AD. Data about the patients from stable chronic liver disease to deterioration will be acquired analyzed according to the questions hoped to resolve.