Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Distress Syndrome"

Coronavirus disease 2019 (abbreviated "COVID- 19") is a pandemic respiratory disease that is caused by a novel coronavirus and was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The disease is highly infectious, and its main clinical symptoms include fever, dry cough, fatigue, myalgia, and dyspnoea.1 In China, 18.5% of the patients with COVID-19 developed to the severe stage, which is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, difficult-to-tackle metabolic acidosis, and bleeding and coagulation dysfunction. After China, COVID-19 spread across the world and many governments implemented unprecedented measures like suspension of public transportation, the closing of public spaces, close management of communities, and isolation and care for infected people and suspected cases. The Malaysian government had enforced Movement Control Order (MCO) from 18th March to 4th May 2020 and henceforth Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO) until 9th June 2020. The battle against COVID-19 is still continuing in Malaysia and all over the world. Due to the CMO and CMCO in the country, public and private universities have activated the e-learning mode for classes and as the government ordered, universities are closed and no face-to-face activities allowed. This has forced students of all disciplines including dentistry to stay at home which are wide-spread across Malaysia and shift to e- learning mode. To guarantee the final success for fight against COVID-19, regardless of their education status, students' adherence to these control measures are essential, which is largely affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 in accordance with KAP theory. Once the restrictions are eased students have to come back and resume their clinical work in the campus. Hence, in this study we assessed the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 and the students preference for online learning.

The latest epidemiological data published from Chine reports that up to 30% of hospital-admitted patients required admission to intensive care units (ICU). The cause for ICU admission for most patients is very severe respiratory failure; 80% of the patients present with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) that requires protective mechanical ventilation. Five percent of patients with SARS require extracorporeal circulation (ECMO) techniques. Global mortality data has been thus far reported in different individual publications from China. Without accounting for those patients still admitted to hospital, bona fide information (from a hospital in Wuhan) received by the PI of this project estimates that mortality of hospitalized patients is more than 10%. Evidently, mortality is concentrated in patients admitted to the ICU and those patients who require mechanical ventilation and present with SARS. As data in China was globally reported, risk factors and prognosis of patients with and without SARS who require mechanical ventilation are not definitively known. The efficacy of different treatments administered empirically or based on small, observation studies is also not known. With many still admitted at the time of publication, a recent study in JAMA about 1500 patients admitted to the ICU in the region of Lombardy (Italy) reported a crude mortality rate of 25%. The data published until the current date is merely observational, prospective or retrospective. Data has not been recorded by analysis performed with artificial intelligence (machine learning) in order to report much more personalized results. Furthermore, as it concerns patients admitted to the ICU who survive, respiratory and cardiovascular consequences, as well as quality of living are completely unknown. The study further aims to investigate quality of life and different respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes at 6 months, as well as crude mortality within 1 year after discharge of patients with COVID-19 who survive following ICU admission. Lastly, with the objective to help personalize treatment in accordance with altered biological pathways in each patient, two types of studies will be performed: 1) epigenetics and 2) predictive enrichment of biomarkers in plasma. Hypothesis A significant percentage of patients (20%) admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 infection is expected to require ICU admission, and need mechanical ventilation (80%) and, in a minor percentage (5%), ECMO. Patients who survive an acute episode during ICU hospitalization will have a yearly accumulated mortality of 40%. Those who then survive will have respiratory consequences, cardiovascular complications and poor quality of life (6 months).

Excessive respiratory effort may cause self-inflicted lung injury (SILI) and inspiratory muscle injuries , stimulate desynchronization between the patient and ventilator , and worsen the perfusion of extrapulmonary organs . Appropriate respiratory drive and effort should be maintained during the treatment of patients with respiratory failure . In contrast, respiratory drive and effort are commonly increased in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia , and this phenomenon may persist in critically ill patients with COVID-19, even after receiving venovenous ECMO (vv-ECMO) support, owing to low pulmonary compliance and a high systemic inflammatory state . To reduce respiratory effort and drive, ICU physicians often administer high doses of sedative drugs, analgesics, and muscle relaxants. The prolonged use of high doses of these drugs can cause loss of the spontaneous cough reflex, which in turn impairs sputum drainage and eventually worsens pulmonary consolidation and lung infections. As the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) could affect the respiratory drive from the respiratory center (1), it has been shown that altering different levels of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal in patients undergoing ECMO recovering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) could alter respiratory drive. We hope to find a more appropriate target for maintaining PaCO2 to control respiratory effort in patients with COVID-19 undergoing ECMO.

By using Mechanical Power and Driving Pressure instead of Pmean we calculate new oxygen saturation indices like Driving Pressure Oxygen Index (OIDP), Dynamic Power Oxygen Index (OIMPdyn), Total Power Oxygen Index (OIMPtot), Driving Pressure Saturation Index (OSIDP), Dynamic Power Saturation Index (OSIMPdyn) ve Power Saturation Index (OSIMPtot). New oxygenation and saturation indices are able to predict ICU mortality better than the conventional indexes and rates.

In this mixed methods study, the investigators assessed feasibility of use of the PATH bCPAP kit on neonatal patients as well as the usability and acceptability of the device by healthcare workers.The study took place in a rural Ugandan special care nursery with experience in bCPAP. Neonates with respiratory failure were consented and treated with the PATH bCPAP kit and blenders. The investigators conducted prospective data collection of the device use through observation as well as collected qualitative data via interviews with nurses, which were analyzed using a rapid qualitative analytical method.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of administering antenatal steroids in term fetuses on the blood flow in the fetal pulmonary artery, and to correlate these findings with clinical data obtained after birth documenting respiratory disorders.

Hypoxemia may be refractory to protective ventilation during the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), justifying the use of other therapies that improved oxygenation and decreased mortality, including prone position (PP). During ARDS, the majority of patients are responders to PP with increased PaO2 due to homogenization of the ventilation-perfusion ratio. Despite changes in intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal pressure, hemodynamic parameters are not changed. Besides the fact that the PP improves systemic oxygenation is it the same on cerebral oxygenation? No study has investigated the cerebral oxygenation during PP in patients with ARDS. The cerebral oxygenation may be altered due to the position of the patient and high levels of positive end-expiratory pressure. This decrease oxygenation may be responsible for cognitive impairment when patients awake. NIRS (Near Infrared Spectroscopy) is a noninvasive tool, capable of delivering information on cerebral oxidative metabolism and its hemodynamic status. It can be used routinely for the management of resuscitation in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. This study is to investigate cerebral oxygenation during prone position in the investigators' patients of ICU.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe lung condition that causes respiratory failure. The ARDS Network (ARDSNet) is a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored network that is focused on improving treatments for people with ALI and a similar condition called acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study will evaluate participants who were enrolled in one of three ARDSNet studies to examine how the treatments carried out in the prior studies affect participants' long-term health outcomes and quality of life.

This research focuses on lung malformations detected in fetuses during prenatal ultrasound exams. Pathogenic mechanisms of these rare malformations are poorly understood. Improved knowledge is needed, to give families better information, and to better standardize treatment decisions The main goal is to better predict neonatal complications associated with these malformations, by identifying key predictive markers during the fetal period. To achieve this objective, it is planned to include 400 pregnant women with prenatal diagnosis of pulmonary malformation in 45 health centers in France. This is the largest study on this topic at the international level.

Patients with chest wall elastance increasing could worsen lung function. Increasing of chest wall elastance plays a great role in lung mechanics, and could influence mechanical ventilation settings. Therefore, It could help the physicians to find appropriate indicators and optimize the treatments of ARF patients to explore the mechanisms of lung mechanics changse in the patients with high chest wall elastance.