Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Distress Syndrome"

In the present study, 126 patients were enrolled (23 control, 38 non-septic and 65 septic patients). Blood samples were collected from septic patients at the intensive care unit (ICU) at three time points (T1-3): T1: within 12h after admission; T2: second day morning; T3: third day morning. Sampling points for non-septic ICU patients were T1 and T3. Exclusion criteria were patients under 18 years of age, unobtainable consent, end-stage renal disease requiring chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation and patients with malignancies needing palliative care. Not more than one sample (venous blood) was collected from control patients. Plasma presepsin levels were determined by an automated chemiluminescence-based Point of Care instrument while serum gelsolin levels were measured using an automated immune turbidimetric assay. Plasma presepsin concentrations were expressed as pg/mL, while serum gelsolin levels were expressed as mg/L. Data were compared with laboratory and clinical parameters. Patients were categorized by the Sepsis-3 definitions and 10-day mortality data were investigated. Presepsin:gelsolin ratio was evaluated in major sepsis-related organ dysfunctions including hemodynamic disturbances, respiratory insufficiency and acute kidney injury (AKI).

Cytokine hemoadsorption is a novel therapy used to improve outcome in critically ill patients with a dysregulated cytokine response and hemodynamic instability. Patients on extracorporeal membraneous oxygenation (ECMO) often develop severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Cytokine removal using different types of hemoadsorption devices is believed to block the vicious circle of inflammation dysregulation when other basic therapeutic measures fail. To date there are very limited reports on ECMO and cytokine hemoadsorption combination therapy. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate feasibility and effectiveness of hemoadsorption in veno-arterial and veno-venous ECMO patients.

Prospective, mono centric study on COVID-19 patients with or without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to analyse the dynamics of the immune response and to search for biomarkers of evolution

This study intended to evaluate the effects of commonly used diuretic, spironolactone, on oxygenation in covid-19 ARDS patients.

Literature basis Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by respiratory distress and progressive hypoxemia, which is caused by diffuse alveolar and pulmonary interstitial edema caused by various pulmonary and extrapulmonary factors other than cardiogenic factors. ARDS incidence rate is as high as 75 /10 000 per year, and sepsis and pulmonary infection are the most common causes. In the past, it was generally believed that excessive immune activation is the core of the pathophysiology of ARDS, and neutrophils are recognized as the core driver of inflammatory hyperactivity and lung injury in ARDS. Although some progress has been made in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ARDS in the past 50 years, and the clinical outcomes of some patients with ARDS have been improved by optimizing the mode of mechanical ventilation and fluid treatment, as well as prone ventilation and the use of muscle relaxants, ARDS is still one of the most common causes of death and disability in intensive care units, The mortality rate of the disease is currently as high as 30-40%. There is still a lack of effective drugs for the treatment of ARDS in clinic, and even glucocorticoids applied for immune overactivation have not achieved good results. This is related to the unclear pathogenesis of ARDS. Therefore, it is still a hot and difficult point to further explore the pathogenesis and progression of ARDS and find new therapeutic targets. In the past, mature PMN in peripheral blood was generally considered as a functional cell in the end stage, but it is widely involved in different innate immune responses (including inflammation, infection, tumor, autoimmunity, etc.) and can adopt very different effector mechanisms. Therefore, with the deepening of research, neutrophil subtypes with different functions (such as immune regulation and repair) have been identified in recent years: cd16dimcd62lbrightpmn and cd16brightcd62ldimmpmn. In the steady state of healthy people, the classic mature neutrophils (cd16brightcd62lbright) in peripheral blood account for more than 98% of the total PMN, and the proportion of the two neutrophil subtypes is relatively low. In the inflammatory state, the proportion of cd16dimcd62lbright and cd16brightcd62ldim neutrophils increased significantly. Proteomic analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two subtypes of neutrophils. The nucleus of cd16dimcd62lbright neutrophil subgroup is banded, which is released from bone marrow after being stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It accounts for 20% - 25% of PMN in whole blood in LPS infection model. The apoptosis rate is significantly reduced, and the bacteriostatic effects such as oxidative burst and phagocytosis are significantly enhanced; On the contrary, cd16brightcd62ldim neutrophil subgroup has reduced antibacterial ability and shows immunosuppressive phenotype. It is a newly discovered neutrophil subtype with immunosuppressive function in recent years, which can inhibit T cell proliferation, which is related to immunosuppression in the experimental human endotoxemia model. In our previous studies, we have successfully obtained a new amino acid derivative of ocotillol ginsenoside, which may have the pharmacological activities of ocotillol ginsenoside and glycine, and has a potential role in improving the delay of apoptosis and immunosuppression of ARDS neutrophil subtypes, and has the potential of new drug development for the treatment of ARDS. The experimental steps are as follows: Firstly, the peripheral blood of ARDS patients in ICU was collected, and neutrophils were isolated from the peripheral blood. The proportion of neutrophil subtypes and the degree of apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Co culture with human T lymphocytes in vitro to observe its ability to inhibit T cell proliferation. Then, the neutrophils of ARDS patients were cultured with different doses of ginsenoside glycine derivatives, and the detection of the above indexes was repeated again. Finally, the mechanism of neutrophils in the pathogenesis and progression of ARDS was discussed.

Several studies suggested that ARDS may have important adverse effects on renal function, but few studies have specifically addressed the risk factors of AKI and its impact on the outcome in theses patients.

With the birth of Mechanical Ventilation in the 1950s came the ventilation induced lung injuries (VILI). Numerous works have since then shown the benefit of "protective ventilation", notably by controlling the delivered tidal volume and pressures. However, as the respiratory condition improves and the weaning is started by shifting to Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV), these parameters stop being tightly controlled. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the driving pressure measured in PSV and the weaning time.

In 1967, Ashbaugh et al first described 12 patients with a syndrome characterized by the acute onset dyspnea, severe hypoxemia, diffuse lung infiltrates on the chest radiography and decreased lung compliance. Moreover, in 1988, Murray et al proposed a lung injury scoring system based on the level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio, static lung compliance, degree of infiltrates on the chest radiograph, and clinical cause. A score of 2.5 or greater was considered to be consistent with a diagnosis of ARDS. The current definition of ARDS was proposed by Bernard et al and the American-European Consensus Conference in 1994. The criteria of ARDS included: 1) acute onset; 2) a PaO2/FIO2 ratio, or hypoxia score, of < 200, regardless of positive endexpiratory pressure; 3) bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph; and 4) a pulmonary artery occlusion pressure of <18 mm Hg or the absence of clinical evidence of left atrial hypertension. However, despite advances in ventilator management, the mortality rate of acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome remains very high (approximately 40 to 50 percent). In 2000, ARDS Network trial compared the effects of 6 versus 12 mL/kg of tidal volume per predicted body weight (PBW) among 861 patients and noted an overall 22% reduction in mortality rate, more ventilator-free days, and more organ-failure-free days in the low-tidal-volume group. Therefore, the current approach to mechanical ventilation of a patient with ARDS emphasizes the use of lower tidal volumes with lower pressures to avoid causing lung overdistension and ventilator associated lung injury. Nevertheless, one year after publication of the ARDSnet trial, Rubenfeld et al noted that lung-protective ventilation strategies were applied in less than 5% of patients with ARDS or ALI at a single ARDSnet center. Rubenfeld et al found that common barriers to the initiation of low tidal volume ventilation include unwillingness to relinquish control of the ventilator, failure to recognize patients as having ALI/ARDS, and perceived contraindications to low tidal volume ventilation. Significant barriers to the continuation of low tidal volume ventilation include concerns regarding patient discomfort and tachypnea or hypercapnia and acidosis. In addition, Kalhan et al also evaluated factors associated with the choice of tidal volume and he reported that underuse of LPV may be related to clinicians' under-recognition of less severe cases of ALI, and their reserving of low-tidal volume ventilation for more severe cases, or both. However, the factors such as comorbidity and pathophysiological change associated with underuse of lung protective ventilation strategy are not clear. The investigators perform a prospective single-center study to investigate the factors associated with the use of lung protective ventilation strategy (LPV) in ALI/ARDS patients in ICU.

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) refers to the provision of mechanical ventilation without an artificial airway (for example, an endotracheal tube). Over the past decade, evidence from randomized control trials has accumulated to demonstrate effectiveness of the technique in avoiding intubation, reducing complications associated with intubation, shortening ICU and hospital lengths of stay, and reducing mortality rates in selected patients with acute respiratory failure. However, NIV is still underutilized at many medical centers. The purposes of this project will be to acquire information related to NIV use, to identify reasons for underutilization, to implement interventions that encourage more appropriate use of NIV, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions. Reliable information on NIV use as well as analysis of reasons for underutilization will provide insight into ways of enhancing NIV use. We will determine utilization rate, technology used, patient diagnoses, duration of ventilator use and hospital stay, and success rates as recorded on case report forms (CRFs). After completing the survey, we will provide an educational program to randomly selected institutions (one-half of the total) aimed at increasing the knowledge and skill of physicians, nurses, and therapists regarding use and implementation of NIV. Data will be gathered for a second round with the same data-gathering instruments used during

To investigate risk factors in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and to elucidate the relationship between BPD, acute lung disease severity, respiration-related variables, water balance, nutrition, familial predisposition, and environmental, pregnancy, and delivery parameters.