Active clinical trials for "Alcoholism"

Parents can positively influence their children's alcohol use. One strategy they use is to provide their children with alcohol, believing it is the best way to teach their children how to drink responsibly. The impact of parental supply is not well understood and may be unintentionally harmful. This study will research the consequences of parental supply within the broader context of parent, child and peer relationships. It will help to determine how parental supply influences the different patterns of adolescent alcohol consumption over time, providing essential information to help parents prevent alcohol misuse in their children. Parents can play a pivotal role in prevention of alcohol misuse, but at present we don't know exactly how.

Aversive childhood experiences (ACE) and their relation to the development of an alcohol use disorder will be measured with fMRI.

Aims: To identify the predictors associated with smoking cessation in smokers under treatment for alcohol and/or cannabis treated in drug treatment centers (DTC). Methodology: Mixed methods project with qualitative and quantitative designs (three studies). Study I discussion groups: of clinical professionals of DTC to explore the barriers/facilitators of these smokers in quitting and the interventions carried out. Study II Prospective cohort of smokers in alcohol and/or cannabis treatment that will be followed-up for 12 months. Sample size: difference in incidence (exposed to cessation interventions versus non-exposed = 12 per 100 years), α = 0.05, β = 0.10, losses = 20% (n = 726). Dependent variables: self-reported and verified tobacco consumption abstinence, quit attempts, motivation, and self-efficacy. Independent variables: age, sex, the substance under treatment. Analysis: incidence, relative risk and simple and multiple logistic regression models (odds ratio and confidence interval, CI, 95%) of quitting. Study III discussion groups: with smokers under alcohol and/or cannabis treatment selected according to their typology. Analysis: of thematic content and triangulation qualitative and quantitative results. Expected results: Characterization of variables that influence tobacco cessation, to improve the design of interventions.

Aggressive behavior, both in the form of violence toward others (injury-inflicting or homicide) or toward oneself (suicide or self-injures) create problems of patient management, treatment and paroles. Biological causes of violent crime were hypothesized by Eysenck (1978), who believed that criminality resulted from a nervous system distinct from that of most people. The prefrontal cortex, regulates planning of motor acts and executive functions, which are critical for inhibitory ability and control of impulsive outburst were found to be impaired in violent subjects (Hoaken et al, 2003; Blair, 2001; Brower and Price, 2001; Filley et al, 2001; Raine et al, 2000; George et al, 2004; Dolan and Park, 2002; Stevens et al, 2003; Raine and Yang, 2006), especially in impulsive offenders murderers (Raine et al, 1997; 1998). Violence act influenced by nonplaning outboards definite as impulsive aggression (Linnoila and Charney, 1999), which one of the most important factor influenced by dangerous behavior in general (for review: Skodol, 1998, Moeller et al, 2001; Pontius, 2000; 2004; Siever, 2008). Cholesterol and fats have many roles and may influence brain function and behavior through modification of membranes; myelin; enzyme function; absorption and transport of fat-soluble vitamins and toxins; and steroid hormones and through effects on production, reuptake, or metabolism of neurotransmitters (Boston et al, 1996). Since 80-th a strong association was found between low cholesterol levels and violent behavior, an association that was not due to age, race, sex, or diagnosis (Mufti et al, 1998; New et al, 1999; Alvarez et al, 2000; Golomb et al, 2000; Hillbrand et al, 2000; Troisi and D'Argenio, 2006; Chakrabarat and Sinha, 2006). Associations between violent behavior, cognitive functioning and total cholesterol level were contradicted with difference in samples and behavioral parameters: homicide, homicide attempts, rape, physical or verbal aggression, complete suicide or suicide attempts, only partially accounted for each measure of behaviors, suggesting that further investigation is warranted. Because of the inconsistencies in the available data, we studied retrospectively a group of criminal offenders with alcohol and drug use. Our analysis of lipid constituents in serum focused on TC, HDL, LDL, and TG. Significance of the study. It is possible that cholesterol profile is a biomarker and potential predictor of violent in patients with polydrug use. The purpose of this retrospective study is to investigate the correlations between cholesterol and cognitive profiles in psychiatric patients with violent behaviour. The demographic and criminal records, clinical characteristics, cholesterol profiles, and cognitive performance data of these patients will be will be intercorrelated.

Background: The evaluation for hypercortisolism includes an overnight 1mg dexamethasone (DXM) suppression test. An important shortcoming is the diagnostic specificity of only 80%, which is likely due to inter-individual differences in gut absorption or metabolism of DXM. Study hypothesis: The investigators hypothesize that serum-DXM measurements will increase the diagnostic accuracy of the overnight DXM-test in the work-up of hypercortisolism. Aims: The primary aim of this prospective study is to evaluate if serum-DXM measured simultaneously with serum-cortisol in morning samples could increase the diagnostic accuracy this diagnostic test. There are several secondary aims. One is to estimate the prevalence and causes of unusual DXM absorption or metabolism. The investigators will also evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of salivary DXM. Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of midnight salivary cortisol and cortisone, and urinary cortisol, will be evaluated and compared. Design: Levels of DXM in morning serum following an overnight DXM-test will be analyzed in patients under evaluation for hypercortisolism (including incidentalomas). A cut-off level to identify inadequate DXM concentrations in serum to suppress endogenous cortisol production will be established based on the negative tests. This cut-off level will then be applied in a retrospective analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of DXM-tests. This prospective study has a blinded design as the DXM measurements are disclosed after the end of the trial.

Integrating mental health treatments into the primary care delivered at Community Based Outpatient Clinics(CBOCs) that are geographically accessible to rural Veterans is a major priority for the Department of Veterans Affairs. However, there is no scientific evidence that integrating mental health and primary care is clinically effective at smaller CBOCs that have limited mental health staffing. The goal of this proposed project is to implement a "blended" combination of integrated care models that have been adapted for smaller CBOCs using telemedicine technologies, and evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of the blended, telemedicine-based, integrated care model. If clinical outcomes are improved compared to usual care, findings will be used to justify and facilitate the implementation of this telemedicine-based integrated care model at smaller CBOCs in order to increase rural Veterans' access to effective mental health treatments.

Art therapy support combined with standard care for people with an alcohol use disorder coming to a day hospital for withdrawal could be beneficial compared to standard care alone because it would improve the alexithymia of these patients, helping them to better identify their feelings and / or emotions, and improve their self-confidence, their self-esteem self and their oral communication.

OH dependence is associated with DA receptor changes. Both, the apomorphine test and the D2Rec SPECt are usefull for monitoring DA receptor status. We aimed at studying whether DA receptor hypofunction, assessed by means of the apomorphine test and the D2Rec SPECT, is a marker of relapse in detoxified OH dependents patients.

Background: - Researchers want to see if people with alcohol dependence have more trouble learning to feel calm, or learn to fear things more easily, than non-alcoholics and to study how early life stress (ELS) affects these things. Objective: - To see if people with alcohol dependence and/or ELS have a harder time learning to feel calm than people without these conditions. Eligibility: Adults age 21 65 with diagnosed alcohol dependence, with/without ELS. Healthy volunteers age 21 65 with/without ELS. Design: All participants will be screened with medical history and physical exam. They will have blood and urine tests, and a psychological assessment. Participants with alcohol dependence will: be at the NIH Clinical Center for 4 weeks. Then they will have weekly telephone calls and 3 in-person visits over 3 months. follow the NIH alcohol treatment program during the study. They cannot take psychiatric medications. rate their alcohol craving, depression, and anxiety throughout the study. have fear conditioning and extinction sessions that use noise and mild electric shock. Some take place during a functional MRI (fMRI) scan. Participants will lie in a machine that takes images, while they perform tasks. listen to recordings that describe stressful events. They will rate their feelings and have blood drawn through an intravenous (IV) line. have their hormone response to stress tested. They will take a pill and get a hormone via an IV, then have blood drawn. Healthy volunteers will: have 2 inpatient stays, each lasting a few days. They will answer questions about how they feel. have fear conditioning and extinction sessions, including fMRI. have blood drawn several times.

The study was designed to evaluate the APIVIGIE program use at CH d'Arras. The objective of this program is to reduce repeated visits by the same patient to the emergency room for Alcoholism Severe Paroxysmal