Active clinical trials for "Alcohol-Related Disorders"

The purposes of this study are 1) to determine the pharmacokinetics of alcohol after experimental administration of alcohol simulating a "binge-drinking" episode in young adults 2) to determine the profile of biomarkers of acute damage and exposure/consumption to alcohol 3) to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters and evaluate the acute effects alcohol and its relationship with biomarkers.

Alcohol contributes to over 5% of deaths worldwide, and death rates from alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) in the UK continue to rise sharply. On-going alcohol use in ARLD leads to markedly increased mortality (Thursz et al, 2015), and maintaining abstinence is a key therapeutic goal. However, there are no effective pharmacological therapies for maintaining abstinence. Brief intervention (BI) is an effective psychological tool for reducing alcohol use, but is difficult to scale widely. AlcoChange is a smartphone app and breathalyser (AlcoChange), which facilitates self-monitoring and delivers BIs in response to patient triggers. The aim of this open-label study is provide AlcoChange to 60 patients with ARLD, to determine compliance with the app/breathalyser and changes in self-reported alcohol consumption. Recruitment of inpatients/outpatients with ARLD and recent alcohol use will take place at Royal Free London. The inclusion criteria are: intent to maintain abstinence, possession of compatible smartphone. The exclusion criteria are: inability to provide consent. Participants will be assessed at baseline and 3-months. The primary endpoint is self-reported alcohol use (units/week, timeline follow-back). Secondary endpoint is compliance with the app (monitored remotely).

The goal of this project is to develop a computerized screening program for primary care offices that is based on the NIAAA's Alcohol Screening Guide for Children and Adolescents and assess its psychometric properties among nine- to 18-yr-old primary care patients. There have been few studies of alcohol screening and brief intervention conducted among adolescents receiving primary medical care. This project will develop and validate a new computerized Alcohol Screening for Children and Adolescents (cASCA) system based on the two age-specific screening questions of the NIAAA Guide and includes the CRAFFT and AUDIT as secondary risk and problem assessments. The system will yield a provider report with the screening results, level of risk, and recommended brief advice, counseling, or referral strategies. The Specific Aims of this project are to: 1)Assess the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the 'any drinking/number of drinking days' and 'friends' questions of the cASCA in identifying past-year use as determined by the Timeline Follow-Back Calendar (TLFB), and for identifying any problem use, abuse or dependence as determined by the AUDIT, CRAFFT and a structured psychiatric diagnostic interview (computerized DISC-IV, Youth Version) at baseline (criterion validity); 2)Assess the test-retest reliability of the cASCA in measuring drinking frequency categories and in classifying patients into Low, Medium and High risk categories; 3)Assess the predictive validity of the 'any drinking/number of drinking days' and 'friends' questions in predicting drinking, "binge" drinking, and any problem use, abuse or dependence at 12-mos follow-up; 4)Assess the degree to which the 'any drinking/number of drinking days' item of the cASCA predicts drug use risk as measured by the TLFB (any use and frequency), tobacco use as measured by the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (screen for potential nicotine dependence), drug use disorders as measured by the Drug Abuse Screening Test for Adolescents, and the degree to which it predicts other mental health problems as measured by the Youth DISC Predictive Scales at baseline and 12-month follow-up; 5)Compare the psychometric properties of the cASCA across subgroups, including: age, gender, race/ethnicity, practice type, provider type, and patient risks (e.g., those with/without friends who drink); and explore the possible effects of the cASCA system on drinking at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups.

Background: Many bacteria live in the gut. The gut is the tube that moves food from the mouth through the stomach to the intestines. Heavy alcohol use disturbs these bacteria. There is evidence that the bacteria in the gut may affect anxiety and depression. Researchers want to learn more about these bacteria in order to better treat diseases such as alcohol dependence. Objective: To identify the different bacteria that live in the mouth and gut. Also, to learn if these bacteria change as a person goes through alcohol detoxification. Eligibility: People ages 18 and older who: Enrolled in screening protocol 14-AA-0181 Are going through detoxification treatment at the Clinical Center Design: Participants will have physical exams. Participants will answer questions about: Anxiety and depression Alcohol use Sleep Abdominal and oral health Diet Participants will keep a regular record of their diet. Participants will have breath alcohol analysis 4 times per day. Participants will provide stool and oral specimens at most once a day for the first week. Then, they will provide them once a week while they are at the Clinical Center. For the oral specimen: A small brush rubs the tongue. They may not eat, drink, or perform oral care within 2 hours of collection. For the stool specimen: They will receive a container that fits in the toilet. They will let the nurse know right away when the sample is ready. Participants will have a dental visit. This consists of an oral exam and oral health assessment. The dentist may recommend a cleaning or dental X-rays.

Background: - Alcohol use disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in the United States and are a factor in more than 10 percent of all deaths, including heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer and chronic illness. Research into better treatment methods for alcohol use disorders and their associated disabilities requires a broad amount of information on the genetic and environmental factors that predispose certain individuals to alcoholism. To improve the quality of available information for research, the National Institutes of Health is conducting a nationwide survey on alcohol use disorders and related physical and mental disabilities, and will collect genetic information through saliva samples. Objectives: - To collect interview data and saliva samples from the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population, 18 years and older, in order to study the extent of and contributing factors to alcohol use and abuse in the United States. Eligibility: - Individuals at least 18 years of age who do not live in institutions (i.e., prisons, inpatient mental hospitals) and who are willing to be interviewed in English, Spanish, and the four most commonly spoken Asian languages in the United States (e.g., Chinese, Korean). Design: The study will involve three main components: an automated computer-assisted interview, an automated questionnaire, and the collection of a saliva sample. Participants will be recruited through community through publically available U.S. Census Bureau files. The interview and questionnaire will ask standardized questions related to personal history; alcohol use and possible disorders; symptoms scales of mood, anxiety, and eating conditions that frequently co-occur with alcohol and drug use disorders; tobacco, medicine and drug use and disorders; selected personality traits, including behavior; alcohol, drug, and mental health treatment utilization; and medical conditions related to alcohol consumption. Participants will provide a saliva sample for genetic study. Background: - Alcohol use disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in the United States and are a factor in more than 10 percent of all deaths, including heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer and chronic illness. Research into better treatment methods for alcohol use disorders and their associated disabilities requires a broad amount of information on the genetic and environmental factors that predispose certain individuals to alcoholism. To improve the quality of available information for research, the National Institutes of Health is conducting a nationwide survey on alcohol use disorders and related physical and mental disabilities, and will collect genetic information through saliva samples. Objectives: - To collect interview data and saliva samples from the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population, 18 years and older, in order to study the extent of and contributing factors to alcohol use and abuse in the United States. Eligibility: - Individuals at least 18 years of age who do not live in institutions (i.e., prisons, inpatient mental hospitals) and who are willing to be interviewed in English, Spanish, and the four most commonly spoken Asian languages in the United States (e.g., Chinese, Korean). Design: The study will involve three main components: an automated computer-assisted interview, an automated questionnaire, and the collection of a saliva sample. Participants will be recruited through community through publically available U.S. Census Bureau files. The interview and questionnaire will ask standardized questions related to personal history; alcohol use and possible disorders; symptoms scales of mood, anxiety, and eating conditions that frequently co-occur with alcohol and drug use disorders; tobacco, medicine and drug use and disorders; selected personality traits, including behavior; alcohol, drug, and mental health treatment utilization; and medical conditions related to alcohol consumption. Participants will provide a saliva sample for genetic study.

This study is an epidemiological and descriptive study of the lifetime relationship of insomnia to alcohol problems.

Background: The way alcohol affects brain structure has been widely studied. But the way it affects all parts of the brain is still unknown. Researchers want to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to study brain structure and function. They hope this will help them better understand changes that happen in brain regions during treatment of alcohol use disorders. Objectives: To study changes in the brain by using MRI in people with and without alcohol use disorders. To study how brain changes affect gait, balance, cognitive ability, and behavior. To see how the brain recovers when alcohol use stops. Eligibility: People with alcohol dependence who are currently hospitalized in a particular unit at NIH. Healthy volunteers 30 60 years old without an alcohol use disorder. Design: Participants will be screened under a separate protocol. Participants will give a urine sample for a drug test and pregnancy test at each study visit. They will also have to pass a breath alcohol test. At the first visit, participants will have an MRI. The scanner is a metal cylinder in a strong magnetic field. Participants will lie on a table that slides in and out of the cylinder. They will do behavior and memory tasks outside the scanner. They will have gait and balance tested. They will have to stand on both legs, stand on just one leg, and walk in a straight line. They will perform each task with eyes open, then with eyes closed. They will have tests of memory, thinking, and problem solving. Some participants will have a second visit. They will have another MRI and repeat some of the behavior and memory tasks.

This social science study hypothesizes that convicted felony drug offenders in Nebraska who participated in Specialized Substance Abuse Supervision (SSAS) as part of their probation or parole showed significantly better outcomes (specifically, less recidivism) at six months post-entrance to SSAS compared to those who did not participate in SSAS.

Pilot study where 10 alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) patients will undergo a 30-minutes-long cognitive assessment session using the Validation Gate task to evaluate usability of this tool in Alcohol Use Disorder patients. Resting-state EEG of ARBD patients will also be recorded and compared to the ones of age-matched healthy people in order to preliminary explore the existence of possible EEG biomarkers of ARBD.

This is an observational study to identify the prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis among patients with excessive alcohol intake using a non-invasive method (FibroScan®) and to characterize the main environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors that could influence the development of advanced fibrosis. The investigators will include patients 21 years of age or older with excessive alcohol intake, with abnormal AST, ALT, GGT and/or bilirubin, and without any evidence of decompensated liver disease (jaundice, ascites, encephalopathy). Liver fibrosis will be estimated by FibroScan®. A designed questionnaire for studying environmental and psychosocial factors will be filled by the included patients, and blood samples will be obtained to study genetic and epigenetic factors. The patients with advance fibrosis will be referred to the specialist for surveillance and treatment according to current clinical guidelines.