Active clinical trials for "Alcoholism"

The investigators study will use a randomized controlled design. Eligible and consenting participants will be randomly assigned to one of two conditions: (1) DARSSA Intervention condition, or (2) Minimal Intervention Control condition. All enrolled participants will undergo the DARSSA baseline assessment and will be interviewed immediately following their ED discharge to assess relevant outcomes, such as whether they were asked about substance use and given a referral during their visit. This is referred to as the post-visit interview. All risky substance users enrolled during all phases will be interviewed again at 1- and 3-months post-visit to assess substance use, treatment engagement, and other outcomes. The primary difference between the two conditions is that, for the DARSSA Intervention condition, the subjects will have their reports printed and will be given the option of receiving the dynamic referral, while for the Minimal Intervention Control condition the subjects will undergo the assessment and will receive the standard substance abuse treatment referral list currently in use clinically at each site. The number of assessments and interactions with research staff will remain equal between the two conditions, with the only difference being the active intervention of the DARSSA reports and referrals, and any counseling by healthcare providers this engenders. The remainder of this section describes each phase of the study and enrollment procedures.

There is considerable evidence that Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs) can be understood as a form of dysregulated learning and are influenced by classical conditioning. This is based on numerous studies indicating that conditioned contextual cues influence craving for alcohol consumption. As a result, there has been considerable interest in extinction-based treatments for AUDs (i.e., treatments that focus on extinguishing the associations between alcohol cues and motivation to drink), referred to as cue exposure treatment To date, extinction-based treatment for AUDs has resulted in disappointing outcomes in clinical trials and there is considerable interest in improving this form of treatment. One novel strategy is the use of pharmacological adjuncts to enhance extinction. Medications that maximize extinction may minimize subsequent reactions to alcohol cues and, in turn, subsequent clinical outcomes. This study is examining whether the medication d-cycloserine (DCS) can enhance extinction to alcohol cues. Recent basic research has revealed that DCS enhances extinction to fear cues and several lines of evidence suggest that DCS may also enhance extinction to alcohol cues. Therefore, DCS may serve as a useful pharmacological adjunct to extinction-based treatment for AUDs. Our primary aim is to examine whether, compared to placebo, DCS (50 mg) will enhance extinction to alcohol cues under controlled laboratory conditions in treatment-seeking individuals with alcohol use disorders. We hypothesize that DCS will generate greater extinction compared to placebo during the subsequent extinction session as measured by attenuated craving in response to alcohol cues. Furthermore, we hypothesize that DCS will generate greater extinction compared to placebo at follow-up assessments. This study is a proof-of-concept test of whether DCS can reduce reactions to alcohol cues under controlled laboratory conditions. It is a preliminary study using a subclinical number of extinction sessions and medication administrations to establish whether or not DCS improves extinction in the laboratory. If proof-of-concept is supported, it will suggest that a clinical trial is warranted. A clinical sample and clinical context are used to maximize the potential generalizability from this exploratory study.

The purpose of this study is understand the effects of GSK114814 and alcohol in healthy volunteers when taken together.

Alcohol is one of the most commonly abused drugs in the world. Up to 40% of medical and surgical patients have alcohol related problems, and alcohol use accounts for more than 10% of U.S. health care costs. In the intensive care unit (ICU), patients with a history of alcohol abuse are common where their rates of mortality and ICU-related morbidity are significantly higher when compared to patients without a history of alcohol abuse. Though ICU patients are a heterogeneous group, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a devastating form of acute lung injury, is one of the more frequent diagnoses among these critically ill patients. In 1996, we made the novel observation that a prior history of chronic alcohol abuse is associated with an increased incidence and severity of ARDS in critically ill patients. In our epidemiological studies of over 570 critically ill patients, 50% of all patients with ARDS have a significant history of chronic alcohol abuse. Since ARDS affects approximately 150,000 patients per year in the United States, and mortality is 40-50% even in previously healthy individuals, alcohol-related ARDS is an enormous national health care problem. We estimate that between 15,000 and 25,000 deaths per year in the United States are associated with alcohol-related ARDS, a number consistent with or even exceeding the number of deaths due to many other alcohol-related diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver and alcohol-related traffic accidents. Further investigations of the association between chronic alcohol abuse and ARDS are needed to develop therapies that improve morbidity and mortality in this important patient population. The clinical syndrome of ARDS is defined as refractory hypoxemia with bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph in the absence of left atrial hypertension. Pathophysiologically, ARDS is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, increased pulmonary alveolar-capillary permeability, and the subsequent accumulation of extravascular lung water. In animal models of chronic alcohol abuse, we showed that chronic ethanol ingestion causes chronic oxidative stress, depletes lung glutathione, impairs alveolar-capillary barrier function, and exaggerates endotoxin-mediated acute lung injury. Ethanol-mediated disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier, and the associated susceptibility to acute edematous injury, is modified by glutathione (GSH) replacement therapy in animal models. Responding to NIH emphasis on studies of the mechanisms of disease and evaluation of therapies in human subjects, our group has initiated translational studies that expand our basic observations of the effects of chronic alcohol abuse on ARDS to the clinical setting. We recently reported that lung epithelial lining fluid from individuals with a prior history of chronic alcohol abuse is deficient in GSH, an essential antioxidant. The translational experiments outlined in this proposal will identify alterations in the structure and function of the lung in individuals with a history of chronic alcohol abuse and test a novel medical therapy that may ultimately decrease the morbidity and mortality for 50,000-75,000 ARDS patients with a prior history of chronic alcohol abuse per year in the United States. We propose the following hypothesis that antioxidant deficiency is a cause of abnormal alveolar-capillary barrier function in individuals with a history of chronic alcohol abuse, and oral anti-oxidant replacement therapy will correct the abnormality. If this hypothesis can be confirmed, this work would pave the way for testing antioxidant replacement as prophylaxis against acute lung injury in alcoholic patients at risk for the development of ARDS. Specific Aim: To determine the safety and efficacy of in vivo antioxidant replacement therapy on alveolar-capillary barrier function in individuals with a history of chronic alcohol abuse.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or Twelve Step Facilitation Therapy is most effective for treatment of dually diagnosed veterans with depressive and substance use disorders.

The purpose of this study is to 1) examine cognitive acuity following e-cig use (as compared to no e-cig use), 2) examine motor coordination following beer and e-cig use (as compared to beer consumption only).

The Alcohol Drinkers' Exposure to Preventive Therapy for TB (ADEPTT) will examine the safety and tolerability of, and adherence to, 6 months of daily INH (6H) in 300 TB and HIV-infected persons (200 drinkers and 100 non-drinkers) in Uganda. The first aim is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of 6H overall and by level of alcohol use. The second aim is to estimate adherence and compare adherence by level of alcohol use and at 3 and 6 months. Self-reported measures of alcohol use will be augmented by phosphatidylethanol (PEth), an established biomarker of alcohol use. Objective measures of adherence will include electronic pill bottle monitoring and a novel measure of INH exposure, INH concentration in hair. The study will actively monitor for hepatotoxicity using the U.S. standard of care for TB preventive therapy for heavy drinkers and discontinue if any Grade 3/4 toxicities are detected. The investigators will use the safety, tolerability, and adherence results, together with the known efficacy and mortality benefit of TB preventive therapy in HIV-infected persons in SSA, and an established decision analytic model of TB preventive therapy to conduct the third aim: to determine whether the benefits of TB preventive therapy outweigh the toxicity risks for HIV-infected drinkers in resource limited settings. The study will additionally follow the cohort every 6 months after completing INH to monitor drinking and the development of active TB.

This study will evaluate the behavioral effects of alcohol during maintenance on placebo, duloxetine, methylphenidate and duloxetine combined with methylphenidate using sophisticated human laboratory methods.

This study proposes to examine both the peripheral and central nervous system responses when light social drinkers and binge/heavy social drinkers are exposed to oral ethanol. The findings will provide a greater understanding of the brain mechanisms (cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity) underlying the association between stress, cortisol release, heart rate variability, alcohol craving, and alcohol stimulant and sedative effects. This knowledge could be significant in developing new therapies for the treatment of alcoholism.

Impact of marketing of alcohol products on young people