Active clinical trials for "Alcoholism"

The alcohol consumption of adults has been decreasing in France since the sixties. When focusing on the particular case of women, this trend goes on the opposite direction. In addition, the impact of drinking alcohol involves an increased severity in women in comparison to men. Furthermore, women consult less often doctors about their alcohol problem due to stigmatisation. Finally, as alcohol consumption is a major public health issue (second preventable cause of death), the aim of this study is to propose an earlier screening of women with alcohol use disorders (AUD) in general medicine.

The interaction of MAO-A genotype and psychosocial risk, in relation to male adolescent criminality The interaction of 5-HTTLPR genotype and psychosocial risk in relation to excessive adolescent alcohol consumption The interaction of 5-HTTLPR genotype and psychosocial risk in relation to depressive symptoms among adolescents The interaction of MAO-A genotype and psychosocial risk, in relation to female adolescent criminality

The purpose of this study is to determine if having an alcohol use disorder affects recovery from depression, and also whether recovery from depression in patients who have alcohol use disorders is also accompanied by improvement in the alcohol use disorder.

This study was designed to learn more about the areas of the brain involved in the experience of positive and negative emotions. Patients who would like to participate in this study will first undergo a screening process to see if they will be eligible for the study. Patients eligible to participate in the study will go through two sessions. During session one, researchers will attempt to evoke positive and negative emotions by showing patients slides of different emotion-arousing stimuli (pictures of pleasant and unpleasant scenes). While patients are viewing these slides, researchers will be measuring patient's heart rate, sweating, and eye-blinking. During session two, patients will undergo an MRI of the brain while seeing similar emotion-arousing pictures as in session one. In addition, patients may be asked to play a simple computer game for a reward of money while researchers use the MRI to measure brain activity. Researchers hope to develop methods to evoke positive and negative emotions and simultaneously (at the same time) see brain activation in normal volunteers, alcoholics, and recovered alcoholics.<TAB>

The objective of this study is therefore to compare the results obtained with these two screening tests, using as gold standard the results obtained by the battery of neuropsychological reference tests.

Sleep disorders are very common in alcohol patients (40-90% according to studies) These sleep disorders may persist after withdrawal and represent a major factor in relapse. In a previous study, the investigators validated a simple sleep questionnaire (the "Short Sleep Index = SSI") from a multicentre series of 602 American patients (Perney et al., Alcohol Alcohol 2012) The SSI is obtained from the Hamilton score (baseline score for anxiety and depression)

Background: Many bacteria live in the gut. The gut is the tube that moves food from the mouth through the stomach to the intestines. Heavy alcohol use disturbs these bacteria. There is evidence that the bacteria in the gut may affect anxiety and depression. Researchers want to learn more about these bacteria in order to better treat diseases such as alcohol dependence. Objective: To identify the different bacteria that live in the mouth and gut. Also, to learn if these bacteria change as a person goes through alcohol detoxification. Eligibility: People ages 18 and older who: Enrolled in screening protocol 14-AA-0181 Are going through detoxification treatment at the Clinical Center Design: Participants will have physical exams. Participants will answer questions about: Anxiety and depression Alcohol use Sleep Abdominal and oral health Diet Participants will keep a regular record of their diet. Participants will have breath alcohol analysis 4 times per day. Participants will provide stool and oral specimens at most once a day for the first week. Then, they will provide them once a week while they are at the Clinical Center. For the oral specimen: A small brush rubs the tongue. They may not eat, drink, or perform oral care within 2 hours of collection. For the stool specimen: They will receive a container that fits in the toilet. They will let the nurse know right away when the sample is ready. Participants will have a dental visit. This consists of an oral exam and oral health assessment. The dentist may recommend a cleaning or dental X-rays.

Background: - People who are dependent on alcohol drink even when they know something bad might happen. Researchers want to learn more about why they do this. Objectives: - To study brain response when a person plays a game in different threat conditions. Eligibility: Healthy right-handed adult heavy drinkers age 21 60 Healthy right-handed adult light drinkers age 21 60 Design: Participants will be screened with medical history, physical exam, and blood and urine tests. They will have an EKG and psychiatric interview. Participants will have one or two clinic visits. Participants will be asked about their alcohol drinking. They will choose a snack and alcoholic beverage that they must drink in 5 minutes. After their breath alcohol content (BrAC) is zero, they will play a game in the MRI scanner. The scanner is a metal cylinder that takes pictures of the brain. Participants lie on a table that slides in and out of the cylinder. They will be in it for about 90 minutes, lying still for up to 20 minutes. During the MRI, participants will play a simple computer game to earn food or drink points under different threats of electric shock. Points can be exchanged for food or alcohol after the game. Sometimes, participants will receive a mild electric shock through a metal disk on the wrist. Electric shocks will only happen if the participant tries to earn a reward point. After the MRI, participants use their points for another drink and snack. They will stay at the clinic until their BrAC is low, usually within 3 hours. Participants cannot drive themselves home. Participants will have a follow-up phone call the next day.

This protocol has three purposes: (1) to evaluate subjects for inclusion or exclusion from other NIAAA protocols; (2) to provide a common set of descriptive information that will be available on all NIAAA research subjects; (3) to allow NIAAA medical and nursing staff to treat alcoholic patients for acute alcohol intoxication or alcohol withdrawal before requiring patients to consent to evaluation for participation in research studies. Information collected will include such items as psychiatric diagnoses, presence or absence of brain, liver or other organ damage, history of the amount of past alcohol consumption, other substance use and family history of alcoholism. This information will allow investigators to determine for which, if any, NIAAA research studies a subject is eligible. In order to avoid requiring intoxicated subjects to consent for procedures such as HIV testing, psychiatric interviews, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain we will obtain consent from all alcoholic subjects in two phases, using two separate consent forms. The first consent form will express the subject's desire to be admitted to the NIAAA inpatient unit for the purpose of treatment for alcoholism and will authorize only medical evaluation and treatment for alcoholism and associated problems. After an alcoholic subject has been admitted to the inpatient unit and is judged to be no longer intoxicated or suffering from acute alcohol withdrawal he or she will be presented with the second consent which will describe the evaluation for participation in other NIAAA research studies. Non-alcoholic, healthy controls will sign only one consent form describing the data to be collected and evaluation for participation in other NIAAA research studies.

We propose to conduct a multifactorial genetic study of cancer risk-related behaviors and other complex human characteristics. The main areas of interest are tobacco smoking, excess alcohol consumption, psychological traits, and HIV/AIDS susceptibility and progression. The subjects will be adult male and female probands who display one or more of the phenotypes of interest together with their brothers, sisters and parents. Information on tobacco and alcohol use, psychological and personality traits, sexual behavior, HIV status and progression, and other characteristics with possible genetic components will be obtained through structured interviews and questionnaires. DNA will be prepared from blood samples and typed for a series of candidate genes chosen for function and for random polymorphic markers. By correlating the genotypic and phenotypic information, we hope to identify individual loci that interactively contribute to many different aspects of human health and disease.