Active clinical trials for "Hypersensitivity"

Recently it has been reported that a consistent percentage of the general population consider themselves to be suffering from problems caused by wheat and/or gluten ingestion, even though they do not have CD or wheat allergy. This clinical condition has been named Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity' (NCGS). In a previous paper the investigators suggested the term 'Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity' (NCWS), since it is not known what component of wheat causes the symptoms in NCGS patients, and the investigators also showed that these patients had a high frequency of coexistent multiple food hypersensitivity. Nowadays only few data are available on the histological characteristic of duodenal and rectal biopsies of NCWS patients. The researchers have just demonstrated a significant eosinophils infiltration of the duodenal and colon mucosa, and a significant infiltration of CD45+/CD3-CD14- cells in the rectal mucosa of NCWS patients upon wheat challenge, thus configuring a diffuse gastrointestinal "inflammatory/immunologic" pattern. The aims of the present study are: 1) to investigate the histological characteristics in duodenal and rectal biopsies between NCWS and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, and 2) to evaluate which site (i.e. duodenal or rectal) shows "inflammatory/allergic" features useful for NCWS histological diagnosis.

Currently when defining the upper limit of normal (ULN) or 99th percentile of a troponin assay manufacturer's use a healthy population traditionally aged 18-40. The 99th percentile value is the recommended value to use when diagnosing patients with an acute myocardial infarction. With the advent of the new highly sensitive troponin assays it has become clear that many patients have a troponin level above the 99th percentile when they have not suffered a myocardial infarction. We believe part of the problem with interpreting the the troponin values for patients is that the 99th percentile value which determines the ULN has been derived from population that is very different to the hospital population of patients. This study aims to demonstrate what the 99th percentile is for the population of people who use the hospital services who are traditionally older and have more comorbidities when compared to the population traditionally used to define the 99th percentile of a troponin assay. An amendment was approved to follow-up patients' clinical outcomes at 1 year using NHS Digital data.

Prevalences of food allergies and asthma increased in the population during the last decades. These two pathologies, responsible for a real burden, are often associated and are to be considered as comorbidities; this aspect is more and more studied in the literature and many authors tried to find a link between diets and asthma. The narrow link between these two atopic pathologies and the fact that food allergy can come along with respiratory symptoms also in patients without history of asthma must be better understood, considered into the management of food allergy. The main objective of this study is to study the prevalence of signs and/or symptoms suggestive of bronchial hyperreactivity, during an oral food challenge (OFC) in patients older than 5 years. The secondary objective is to study the risk factors to develop asthma during a food allergy reaction. This historical-prospective single center study , was realized in the Allergy Unit of the University Hospital of Montpellier. All the patients having been hospitalized for a positive OFC between January, 2001 and January, 2016 were included. The diagnosis of asthma was established according to the recommended international clinical and physiological criteria. Prevalence of bronchial hyperreactivity during OFC among those with positive OFC, was calculated. The search for risk factors was made by a logistic regression univariate then multivariate, completed by a decision tree.

Iron deficiency is common and when oral treatment is not sufficient intravenous application is indicated. Hypersensitivity to intravenous iron nanomedicines is rare but does occur and little is known about the underlying mechanism but complement activation has been suggested. This is a purely exploratory study as it is not yet known whether in vitro complement activation can be stimulated by titration with iron preparations. These data will provide first empirical evidence of whether and to what extent complement activation occurs in this population.

In mechanically ventilated patients during supine position, alveolar collapse usually distributes in dependent lung region.Decrease of flow trigger sensitivity might improve homogeneous of tidal volume distribution.

Age related cataracts are responsible for about 51 percent of blindness worldwide and according to the WHO affect about 20 million people, according to the WH . As cataract surgery is firstline treatment in the western world, there is a constant attempt to improve artificial intraocular lenes (IOL). As for this study, the investigators seek to compare four different IOL designs in in a psychophysiological setting, allowing to assess the impact of these IOLs on vision and psychological processing of visual information. As these IOLs also have downsides, such as reduced light intensity or image alterations, the subjective preference and overall impression shall be investigated. The healthy subjects look through a stable spectacle frame mounted onto a table, which enables the investigator to insert the different IOLs. This would allow subjective testing of IOLs before surgery.

The most frequent diseases caused by wheat ingestion are T cell-mediated disorders, i.e. celiac disease and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic reactions. However, besides celiac disease and wheat allergy, there are cases of gluten reactions in which neither autoimmune nor IgE-mediated allergic mechanisms are involved. These are generally defined as GS or Not-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). Typically, NCWS diagnosis is made by exclusion, and an elimination diet and an "open challenge" (i.e., the monitored reintroduction of gluten-containing foods) are most often used to evaluate whether health improves or worsen with the elimination or reintroduction of gluten in the diet, respectively. In some circumstances, it is very difficult to distinguish between NCWS and celiac disease. The presence of positive celiac disease specific serum antibodies (anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG), and anti-endomysium (EmAs) antibodies) is of paramount importance to pose the diagnosis. However, it is well known that the frequency of a positive serology is dependent by the severity of the intestinal damage. Consequently, patients with less severe histology damage (Marsh 1) can have negative serum antibodies. Previous studies had demonstrated that EmAs are produced by the intestinal lymphocytes and previous data from our group showed that EmAs assay in the culture medium of the intestinal biopsies has higher diagnostic accuracy than serum EmAs in diagnosis. Therefore, the aims of our study are to evaluate the clinical-serologic-histology course of NCWS patients, showing positive EmAs assay in the culture medium of the duodenal biopsies at the time of the first evaluation, and the adherence to a gluten-free diet in NCWS patients after a previous full evaluation and a NCWS diagnosis based on double-blinded placebo-controlled (DBPC) challenge.

Bovine β-lactoglobulin (Bos d 5) is an allergen from cow's milk with relevance to human health. We employed β-lactoglobulin polymerized using microbial transglutaminase as a model of study to identify whether protein polymerization could reduce in vivo allergenicity and maintain in vitro and ex vivo immunoreactivity for the purpose of producing a suitable molecule for use in tolerance-induction protocols. Based on previous protocols applied in mice and children, we performed in vivo challenges (using a skin prick test) with native and polymerized β-lactoglobulin in adult patients with an IgE-mediated allergy to Bos d 5. In vitro humoral immunoreactivity was analyzed using immunoblotting. Cell-mediated immunoreactivity was analyzed using ex vivo challenges with native and polymerized β-lactoglobulin monitored by leukocyte adherence inhibition tests. The study hypothesis is to identify a decrease on beta-lactoglobulin immunoreactivity after polymerization.

The planned cohort study shall clarify whether the use of biomarkers leads to improved diagnostic assessment of elderly patients. The study will evaluate the clinical value of biomarkers (highly sensitive Troponin T, Troponin T of the 4th generation) in elderly patients. These biomarkers are analyzed together with the symptoms and other parameters collected at admission. The diagnosis of myocardial infarction could be made earlier and more accurately with the help of biomarkers, in particular the highly sensitive troponin T.

Human visual acuity and contrast sensitivity are highly dependent on various different parameters. Each should be optimized for perfect visual performance. However, in real life our eyes lack such parameters, which might lead to unsatisfying results even after spectacle correction or contact lenses. A promising approach would be to design intra ocular lenses (IOL), which are implanted into the eye for example in the course of cataract extraction and are able to compensate for the human eyes' aberrations. For example cutoff frequency, edge-sharpness or specific contrast for selected structure sizes would need to be considered. Since, an aberration free optical system is almost impossible and since the impact of each single parameter is not yet known, IOL design parameters would have to be chosen very carefully. Furthermore, image quality of IOLs still is tested ex vivo by ray tracing for example, but this does not guarantee perfect function after implantation, as our visual system has complex image precessing units form the retina to the brain. The present study picks one of these parameters and seeks to assess its impact on visual quality in-vivo. By subjectively grading different images with objective changes to image quality by variations of the modulation transfer function (MTF), the potential influence and thus on our subjective visual impression shall be assessed.