Active clinical trials for "Anus Neoplasms"

Counteracting misinformation on childhood vaccines remains a priority for public health in industrialized countries. Previous research showed that misinformation-induced vaccine hesitancy particularly concerns very highly or very lowly educated parents, and, especially in Europe, specific groups of immigrants. Misinformation framing directly targets specific sub-population of parents by exploiting different cognitive biases, and specific concerns based on cultural norms: this project aims at testing the effectiveness of similar framing techniques applied to positive information on the HPV vaccine by conducting a Randomized Controlled Trial in Stockholm, Sweden. It randomizes emotionally and scientifically/statistically framed information addressing the specific concerns reported by previous literature.

Study should determine if performing the less uncomfortable part of the exam (the perianal exam) results in less recalled discomfort if performed last vs. if performed first.

Comparative retrospective study of two anal canal brachytherapy techniques aimed at boosting [low dose rate (LDR) and high dose rate (HDR)]

We hope to determine the importance of different genes (including B receptors) in anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. This has important benefits to patients exposed to anthracyclines, as this could help determine whether certain individuals have increased susceptibility to cardiac injury.

Cancer of the anus occurs at very high rates in young men with HIV and is caused by a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV). Anal cancer has increased during the HIV epidemic despite effective therapies for HIV. Unfortunately, anal cancer presents at a late stage because there is no screening program to find it at an early stage. Rates of other cancers such as cervical cancer have been reduced through the use of Pap smears. The researchers' plan is to do the same type of screening for anal cancer as has been done for cervical cancer. If abnormalities are found then treatment can be started. The researchers hope that this approach will help to prevent anal cancer. Testing for HPV will also be done to see if this helps to detect early cancer and to see how accurate different tests, pathologists and clinical examiners are at detecting and agreeing on any abnormalities. The main outcome is the presence of any pre-cancerous or early cancer changes as determined by high resolution anoscopy (HRA). HRA involves looking through a microscope into the anus and this allows very tiny changes to be identified. Pieces of tissue can then be taken to make a definite diagnosis.

The diagnosis of anal cancer is superior with the Anal Test system compared to liquid cytology and anoscopy.

RATIONALE: Gathering information about patients' quality of life during radiation therapy for cancer may help doctors plan the best treatment. PURPOSE: This randomized clinical trial is studying quality of life in patients undergoing radiation therapy for primary lung cancer, head and neck cancer, or gastrointestinal cancer.

Background: HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) have rates of anal cancer that approach those of cervical cancer in women. However, unlike cervical cancer, there is no current recommended method of screening that could be used to detect anal precancerous lesions for the prevention of anal cancer in HIV-positive MSM. Infections by human papillomavirus (HPV) are the likely cause of cervical and anal precancer and cancer. Detecting the presence of HPV or related biomarkers has helped to identify women who may be at increased risk of cervical cancer; researchers believe that early detection of HPV or related biomarkers in MSM may be useful for anal cancer screening. Objectives: - To evaluate the effectiveness of various tests to detect cancer-causing HPV in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Eligibility: - HIV-positive MSM that are interested in receiving anal screening for precancer Design: HIV-positive MSM will respond to a self-administered risk factor questionnaire, and will undergo a physical exam and a high-resolution anoscopy at the participating clinic. The clinician will then collect to anal Pap specimens from each subject for research on HPV and related biomarkers. Participants will be followed annually for 2 years to collect additional health data for research follow-up.

The Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG) has been commissioned by the Department of Health and Ageing to undertake a project to assess new Radiation Oncology Technology and Treatments. This project is being undertaken in response to a recognised need for the Medicare Benefits Schedule to support appropriate new radiation oncology technologies and treatments as they become available, to ensure optimal patient care. The first phase of the project required TROG to develop a Generic Research Framework (the Framework) capable of collecting and generating information to substantiate the safety, clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of new technologies and treatments. The second (and current) phase of the project requires that the Framework be piloted to assess the safety, clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) in four tumour site specific regions: A. Post Prostatectomy(IMRT) B. Anal Cancer (IMRT) C. Nasopharynx (IMRT) D. Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer (IGRT) The aims of the site specific components of the ANROTAT protocol are as follows: Protocol A. Develop an approach for applying the Framework to evaluate the safety, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of IMRT compared to 3DCRT in patients with prostate cancer (PP). Protocol B. Develop an approach for applying the Framework to evaluate the safety, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of IMRT compared to 3DCRT in AC. Protocol C. Develop an approach for applying the Framework to evaluate the safety, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of IMRT compared to 3DCRT in NPC. Protocol D. Develop an approach for applying the Framework to evaluate the safety, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of IGRT compared to non-IGRT in patients with intermediate risk prostate cancer.

The purpose of this study is to compare the development of abnormal cell growth or cancer in the anal region of individuals who are receiving one of two different anti-HIV treatment strategies.