Active clinical trials for "Hypoxia"

Critically ill patients are predisposed to oxyhaemoglobin desaturation during intubation. For the intubation of hypoxemic patients, preoxygenation using non invasive ventilation (NIV) is more effective at reducing arterial oxyhaemoglobin desaturation than standard method. Objectives: To find out whether NIV, as a preoxygenation method, is more effective at reducing the degree of organ dysfunction/failure than standard preoxygenation during the week following endotracheal intubation.

In an individual's SpO2 range from 100 to 73 %, this study calibrates and evaluates the accuracy of SpO2 measurement by CW2 in comparison to reference pulse oximeter (Nellcor PM10) or CO-oximetry, Pulse rate (PR) and respiratory rate (RR) were calibrated based on the same Nellcor equipment and the frequency of end-tidal CO2 respectively.

Current study will render insight in to the role of renal hypoxia in the diabetic kidney and is able to associate its finding with measurements of renal perfusion and glomerular filtration rate. Moreover, this research will focus on the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition on renal tissue oxygenation and oxygen consumption as well as a change in intrarenal hemodynamics and perfusion, and a shift of fuel metabolites. Elucidation the mechanisms underlying the effects of SGLT2 inhibition will advance our knowledge and contribute to their optimal clinical utilization in the treatment of chronic kidney disease in diabetes and possibly beyond.

The objective of this pilot study is to investigate the feasibility of performing umbilical cord milking in neonates who are depressed at birth.

Laparoscopic surgery for gastric reduction is frequently associated with high levels of postoperative pain. Postoperative pain is very often treated with opioids. However large doses of opioids can result in respiratory depression with hypoxemia especially in high risk patients with obstructive sleep apnea. since a large group of patients undergoing surgery for gastric reduction surgery also have obstructive sleep apnea, it is expected that these patients are also at high risk for postoperative respiratory depression and hypoxemia. Intraoperative ketamine has been used as an effective multimodal agent to reduce postoperative pain. However, ketamine alone has not been examined to improve postoperative pain outcomes in patients undergoing gastric reduction surgery. More importantly, it is unknown if the use of intraoperative ketamine can lead to better overall quality of recovery in the same patient population. In addition, ketamine has been shown to improve ventilation but it remains to be determined if the intraoperative use of ketamine will result in less postoperative hypoxemic events. The main objective of the current investigation is to examine the effect of intraoperative ketamine on postoperative quality of recovery after gastric reduction surgery. The investigators hypothesize that subjects receiving ketamine will have a greater global quality of recovery score than the ones receiving saline.

In low oxygen environments, such as high-altitude, some adults may become ill and suffer from acute mountain sickness. Further, all adults will find that exercising becomes much more difficult when compared with exercise at lower altitudes (e.g. sea-level). The purpose of this investigation is to study the effects of a new medicine called Aes-103. A company called AesRx, LLC makes this medicine. The active ingredient in the medicine is 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furfural (5HMF), a naturally occurring substance that can be found in coffee, honey, dried fruits, fruit juices, malt, barley, Balsamic vinegar and caramel.The investigators believe that Aes-103 may help people adjust to high-altitude quickly and prevent them from becoming ill. The purpose of the study is to determine if Aes-103 will promote endurance performance in low oxygen environments in healthy adult humans. Aes-103 is currently being investigated by AesRx, LLC (Newton, MA) in collaboration with the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the NIH (Bethesda, MD) as a potential anti-sickling agent in sickle cell disease. Sickle-cell disease is characterized by problems in blood that prevent blood cells from carrying oxygen. Aes-103 might be able to help blood cells carry more oxygen. It is for this reason that the investigators in this study believe Aes-103 might help people adjust to high-altitude quickly. There are no known special safety considerations with the active ingredient in Aes-103 (5-HMF). In recent, placebo controlled, clinical safety tests, Aes-103 was given in single doses of 300 mg, 1000 mg,2000 mg and 4000 mg to healthy normal volunteers. Additionally, the toxicological effects of Aes-103 have been studied when given acutely, sub-acutely, and chronically in rodents, and for up to 28 days in dogs. Based on these safety studies, single doses of Aes-103 are expected to have no significant negative/toxicological effect at the doses being evaluated in this study.

During the birth process certain conditions can cause oxygen delivery and/or blood flow to the baby's brain to become interrupted. This can cause permanent brain damage. Brain damage occurs in two phases. The first occurs at the time of injury when brain cells in the affected area 'die'. There is nothing that can be done about this. The second phase of injury occurs over the next few days. This second phase is caused by inflammation and release of toxic chemicals from the injured site. Cooling the baby to a temperature of 92.5° F, for 3 days has been shown to reduce the second phase of injury and bran death. All babies will receive the benefit of cooling. Although cooling helps it does not completely stop the second phase of injury. Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone that is produced by the brain, and helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle. It has the potential to stop the second phase of brain injury by inhibiting inflammation and release of toxic chemicals. The reason for this research is to find out if melatonin can or cannot improve the outcome of babies with this kind of brain damage. Every baby enrolled in the study has a 50:50 chance of getting melatonin. A total of six doses of medicine will be given. The baby's brain function will be assessed by an EEG, brain oxygen monitoring, and a neurologic examination at 18 months of life. All of these are routinely used as part of standard care for patients with this kind of problem. The only difference is that half the babies enrolled in the study will get the drug called melatonin and the other half will receive placebo. The dose of melatonin being used in the study is higher than the amount normally produced by the body. No side-effects of this dose have been reported in other research studies using melatonin in newborn and premature babies.

Comparison of the preoxygenation efficacy of tidal volume breathing using three different preoxygenation techniques which are available to providers in the prehospital environment.

Propofol is widely used by anaesthesiologists for deep sedation and general anaesthesia. During recent years nurses trained in the use of low dose Propofol sedation (NAPS) during endoscopy have been introduced. The method has been implemented at the endoscopic unit at Gentofte hospital since 2008(1). Propofol has a respiratory depressive effect which may result in depressed oxygen saturation in the blood (hypoxia). Due to a short acting half life this is prevented in the majority of cases. However, in spite of this, hypoxia is experienced in 4,4% of patients receiving propofol during endoscopy at Gentofte Hospital (unpublished data). It is well known that hypoxia constitutes a late expression of reduced oxygen tension in peripheral tissues. Whether the addition of capnography to standard monitoring during NAPS may be of benefit is widely unknown. The aim of this study is to examine whether the additional use of capnography to standard monitoring during endoscopy may improve patient safety in patients undergoing low dose Propofol sedation by reducing the number, duration and level of hypoxic events. The trial is a randomized clinical prospective case-control study.

The purpose of this study is to validate the oxygen saturation (SpO2) accuracy of the Polso Monitoring System during non-motion conditions over the range of 70-100% SaO2 as compared to arterial blood samples assessed by CO-Oximetry for SpO2 validation