Active clinical trials for "Aortic Valve Insufficiency"

Patients with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) may be affected, in many cases, by a concomitant moderate or severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Tethering of the mitral valve leaflets and/or annular dilatation, both consequences of left ventricular dilatation, represent the most common mechanisms underlying the development of MR which can therefore be defined as "secondary" in this case. When both mitral and aortic regurgitation are severe, patients show a decreased survival due to the pathophysiological consequences of the combination of these pathological conditions. In this case, surgery on both diseased valves is required to interrupt the natural history of the disease and is widely supported by current guidelines. On the other hand, little is known about the fate and prognostic implications of moderate MR secondary to severe AR and whether or not it should be treated at the time of aortic valve surgery. For this condition, the current guidelines do not provide specific recommendations, referring generically to the decision of the Heart Team. To date, there are few data describing the evolution of moderate MR in patients undergoing surgery for severe AR and insufficient data to support recommendations regarding the treatment of moderate MR concurrently with treatment of AR, so that this decision is now entrusted to the evaluation of the Heart Team. It is therefore desirable to evaluate the outcomes of these patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the short- and long-term fate of secondary moderate MR in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for severe AR.

To assess whether cardiac T1 mapping for detection of myocardial fibrosis enables preoperative identification of patients at risk for early left ventricular dysfunction after surgery of aortic regurgitation.

The ASSESS-REGURGE is a multicenter, multicontinental registry on protocoled aortographic image acquisition after implantation of a transcatheter aortic valve. After the implementation of the acquisition protocol, each participating site will use the standardized approach for their center in order to identify if the images are considered analyzable via videodensitometry quantitative assessment of aortic regurgitation.

Velocity Vector Imaging may provide reliable and detailed information on left ventricular segmental function in asymptomatic patients with moderate-to severe AR. This may help to identify subclinical myocardial dysfunction in order to operate early enough to prevent postoperative heart failure and restrict unnecessary early operation which could be associated with operative risks and mortality related to prosthetic valves.

Retrospective observational study of all patients undergoing aortic root surgery with aortic valve conservation, using the inclusion technique described by Tirone David, between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2020, at six centers (Nantes - Rennes - Brest - Angers - Tours [two centers]). The main objective of this study is to evaluate the survival without re-intervention for aortic valve dysfunction (surgery or TAVI).

Background: Computer aided auscultation in the differentiation of pathologic (AHA class I) from no- or innocent murmurs (AHA class III) via artificial intelligence algorithms could be a useful tool to assist healthcare providers in identifying pathological heart murmurs and may avoid unnecessary referrals to medical specialists. Objective: Assess the quality of the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that autonomously detects and classifies heart murmurs as either pathologic (AHA class I) or as no- or innocent (AHA class III). Hypothesis: The algorithm used in this study is able to analyze and identify pathologic heart murmurs (AHA class I) in an adult population with valve defects with a similar sensitivity compared to medical specialist. Methods: Each patient is auscultated and diagnosed independently by a medical specialist by means of standard auscultation. Auscultation findings are verified via gold-standard echocardiogram diagnosis. For each patient, a phonocardiogram (PCG) - a digital recording of the heart sounds - is acquired. The recordings are later analyzed using the AI algorithm. The algorithm results are compared to the findings of the medical professionals as well as to the echocardiogram findings.

During general anesthesia a reduction of Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) was observed. The reduction of FRC could imply that respiratory system closing capacity (CC) exceeds the FRC and leads to a phenomenon called expiratory flow limitation (EFL). Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) test is a validated method to evaluate the presence of EFL during anesthesia. Aim of the study will be to asses if mechanical ventilation during CardioPulmonary Bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgery could reduce the incidence of EFL in the post-CPB period. Primary end-point will be the incidence of EFL, assessed by a PEEP test, performed at different time-points in operating room. Co-primary end-point will be shunt fraction, determined before and after surgery. This will be a single center single-blind parallel group randomized controlled trial. Patients will be randomly assigned to four parallel arms with an allocation ratio 1:1:1:1, to receive one of four mechanical ventilation strategies during CPB. Ventilation with a Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) of 5 cmH2O before and after CPB; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) during CPB; Ventilation without PEEP before and after CPB; CPAP during CPB; Ventilation with a PEEP of 5 cmH2O before and after CPB; No use of mechanical ventilation during CPB Ventilation without PEEP before and after CPB; No use of mechanical ventilation during CPB

In this study researchers plan to perform a diagnostic test called transesophageal echocardiography in order to see and record the movement and function of the heart. Transesophageal echocardiography is similar to an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Different views of the heart are taken by a small, flexible instrument positioned in the esophagus (the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach). This allows doctors to create a clear picture of the heart through the wall of the esophagus rather than from outside the body through the muscles, fat, and bones of the chest wall. During transesophageal echocardiography pictures of the heart will be taken while patients rest and as patients receive a medication called dobutamine. Dobutamine is a medication that makes the heart beat stronger and faster, similar to what exercise does to the heart. Researchers are particularly interested in studying patients with defects in the valves of the heart, especially aortic regurgitation and mitral regurgitation. Patients with these defects in the heart valves tend to develop abnormalities in the size and function of the left ventricle. The left ventricle is one of the four chambers of the heart responsible for ejecting blood out of the heart into the circulation. Researchers believe that by identifying changes in the function of heart muscle, they may be able to predict the occurrence of muscle damage due to the diseased valves. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the function of heart muscle measured during dobutamine stress transesophageal echocardiography can predict the later development of problems in the function and size of the left ventricle.

The EASE Enable study is intended to collect additional data on the clinical outcomes of the Medtronic Enable® Aortic Bioprosthesis in "real world" patients.

Prospective longitudinal study on four small groups of surgical patients affected by: BAV with isolated regurgitation, BAV associated with aorta dilatation, or both and BAV with isolated stenosis in over 60 year-old patients. The aim of the study is to select homogeneous small groups of surgical patients with the same subtype of BAV and same aortic behaviour and identify markers/predictors of favorable-unfavorable aortic wall evolution to evaluate if there is a BAV phenotype more likely to be considered at high risk for aortic degeneration.