Active clinical trials for "Aortic Valve Stenosis"

The method of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) introduced in 2002 by Alain Cribier et al. has offered new prospects for patients with severe aortic stenosis and multiple comorbidities, who are at high operative risk(1). The PARTNER series of randomized controlled trials has firmly established the role of TAVI with the balloon-expandable Edwards Sapien valve in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) at prohibitive risk of surgery (PARTNER IA), high risk for surgery (PARTNER IB), and intermediate risk for surgery (PARTNER 2).(2) Also PARTNER 3 and Evolut Low Risk trial strongly suggest that TAVI is not only a suitable alternative and may be superior to surgical aortic valve replacement ( SAVR) in low-risk patients.(2) The accurate determination of the size of the implant is dependent on pre-procedural imaging. Annular measurements are important in the TAVI as inaccurate estimation can lead to complications e.g paravalvular leakage .(3) Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE), multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been extensively studied with respect to pre-procedural aortic annular sizing.(3). However, even with some of the evidence returning a discrepancy in annular measurements between techniques, the literature to date does not clarify whether TOE undersizes inappropriately or appropriately with respect to MDCT.(3) In a recent study, 29.5% of patients would have been deemed ineligible for TAVI because of overestimation of annular measurements by MDCT, a figure reduced to 1.3% with the use of TOE (4) In a recent small retrospective study, TOE, MDCT and MRI all performed comparatively well with device sizing. (5) Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) dilatation before TAVI is considered a mandatory procedural step in the early years of TAVR. BAV is used to confirm annular sizing and to enhance trans-catheter heart valve (THV) deliverability.(6) However till now there is no comparison of annular measurement by 2D transesophgeal echocardiography with balloon sizing.

RO-TAVI is a national prospective, observational, multi-center registry registry of patients with aortic valve stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) to assess patient care and outcomes.

To evaluate and to validate accuracy, precision and trending ability of blood pressure and cardiac output measurement by applanation tonometry in cardiological patients having: atrial fibrillation severe impaired leftventricular function severe aortic valve stenosis patients having left ventricular assist device Experimental measurement: continuous blood pressure measurement and cardiac output measurement is performed by the T-Line 200 pro device (Tensys Medical Inc., San Diego, USA) Control measurement: gold-standard continuous blood pressure measurement is performed by invasive blood pressure measurement by arterial cannulation and cardiac output reference is assessed by transcardiopulmonary thermodilution

The study will be conducted in patients who are undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement on cardiopulmonary bypass. Following surgical access of the native aortic valve and prior to removal of the valve, the native valve will be dilated using a standard valve dilation balloon. The Heart Leaflet Technologies(HLT- Heart Leaflet Technologies Inc.) aortic valve device will be released in the native valve and measurements will be taken of the device relative to the anatomic structures of the heart. Once completed, the implant is removed from the native valve and the surgical valve replacement procedure is completed. The purpose of this study is to confirm that the dimensions of the HLT valve are appropriate for patients with aortic valve stenosis.

Many cardiologists are convinced that early surgery in asymptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) saves lives. However there is currently no direct evidence for this and most recommendations from the ESC/ EACTS or ACC/ AHA in this field are supported by Level-B or C evidence. Therefore, the investigators designed a randomized controlled trial to demonstrate whether early surgery improves mortality and morbidity of patients with asymptomatic severe AS and low operative risk.

Background: Treatments for structural heart and valve disease are quickly changing. But treatment could be improved. Researchers want to gather data from people with this disease. They want to find problems and seek new ways to make treatments better. Objective: To find people with structural heart and valve disease with common features to study. To find flaws and patterns in procedures related to this disease. To share findings with other researchers. Eligibility: People ages 18 and older who are receiving care from the structural heart and valve program at the participating NHLBI structural heart disease network sites that are part of the study Design: Participants will be screened with their consent. This will occur when they give their standard consent for medical care. Participants will have their data collected in the course of standard medical care. Data include: Demographic data Protected health data Personally identifiable data Medical records Medical images. These could include X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans. The study could find something that would impact participants care. If this is the case, their doctors will be told. Participants data may be shared with other researchers. ...

Background: - Aortic valve stenosis is a disease that makes a major heart valve get smaller. This reduces heart function and causes death. Severe aortic stenosis (AS) can be treated in a couple of ways, including replacing a heart valve. Objectives: Researchers want to study fibrosis in the heart. A sub-study will test whether heart function and blood supply improve after a valve replacement. Eligibility: - Adults at least 18 years old with aortic stenosis. Design: Participants will visit a clinic for 1 day for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of their heart. This uses magnets, radio waves, and computers to produce detailed pictures of the heart. After this visit, participants will have their aortic valve procedure at the the Washington Hospital Center. A hospital team will contact participants for 1 year by phone or email. This follow-up will consist of 15 minutes of questions about the participant s health status. Some participants will join a sub-study. They will be given an additional medication to evaluate the blood supply of the heart. They will visit a clinic for 1 day for an MRI of their heart, as part of the main study, prior to the aortic valve replacement. After they have their valve replaced at the hospital, they will return to the clinic for another MRI. They will have the same follow-up as in the main study.

Avicena is developing new non-invasive methods (hardware and software) for diagnosis of a variety of heart conditions. This study is designed to compare data obtained using Avicena's device, the Vivio, to data obtained from transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe aortic stenosis. Aortic stenosis (AS) is a disease of the valve (aortic valve) that separates the left ventricle of the heart from the aorta. When AS is severe, the heart cannot pump adequate amounts of blood into the arterial tree. AS is often silent until the disease is severe. This study compares a rapid test using Vivio to a longer and more expensive test that is the current gold standard for diagnosis of AS, TTE.

The aim of this project is to investigate the association of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and severe aortic stenosis (AS), as well as the impact of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) on GPx activity post-procedure. The burden of oxidative stress will be determined by the measurement of GPx, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipoprotein A (Lp(a)). We hypothesize GPx activity is reduced in participants with severe AS vs control groups and GPx activity is to increase after TAVR is performed.

In patients with aortic stenosis the valve through which blood is pumped out of the main heart chamber is narrowed. This results in heart muscle working harder to open the valve so blood can circulate around the body. The muscle adapts to the increased pressure load to maintain efficiency. This can cause long-term muscle damage. To predict when this deterioration will require a valve replacement is difficult and untimely operation exposes patients to unnecessary risk. We aim to compare all validated techniques looking at different aspects of heart muscle strain in these patients. These will be a blood sample measuring a specific hormone (BNP) and enzyme (Troponin), a nuclear scan to assess nerve activation, an MRI identifying scarring and an exercise echocardiogram that measures heart muscle response and pressure changes across the valve. Tests will be performed at recruitment and either after one year or after valve replacement, which ever comes first. In comparing these different imaging techniques we aim to identify patients who will benefit from an early operation, those whose muscle is likely to recover back to normal and which patients it is safe to wait longer for the surgery, avoiding unnecessary risk. The results of the study will benefit patients as it will help doctors more accurately assess the timing of valve surgery and improve their prediction of long term heart muscle recovery. It may also increase convenience in clinical management by reducing unnecessary tests and hospital trips. This would translate into cost savings for the NHS.