Active clinical trials for "Aphasia"

The objective of the study is to estimate the incidence and recovery of aphasia, dysarthria and dysphagia in an acute setting (first week) with the NIHSS sub-item scores for language and speech and a dysphagia screening. Furthermore, we will evaluate the severity of aphasia, dysarthria and dysphagia in an acute setting (first few days) with standardized measurements (ScreeLing, BNT, NSVO-Z, perceptual assessment, MASA/FOIS). To evaluate the effect of early IVT/EVT in patients with ischemic stroke on functional outcomes for language and speech via the NIHSS scale.

The study will use MRI brain imaging to identify brain changes associated in stroke patients after they receive speech-language treatment for their speech difficulties.

This study will examine in healthy individuals and in patients with aphasia (a language disturbance that is usually caused by stroke, brain disease, or injury) which parts of the brain are involved in naming everyday objects. In most people, language and speech originate in the left side of the brain. When this side of the brain is damaged, language function is often impaired. Often, however, function partly recovers, possibly because the right half of the brain takes over some language functions when the left half is injured. Healthy volunteers and patients with aphasia due to stroke may be eligible for this study. All candidates must be 18 years of age and older. Patients' aphasia must have occurred as the result of a stroke that occurred more than 12 months before entering the study. In addition, their stroke must not have affected the brainstem or cerebellum. Candidates will be screened with a medical history, brief physical examination, and questionnaire about handedness. Participants will undergo the following tests and procedures: Session 1: Magnetic resonance scanning (MRI) MRI is a diagnostic and research tool that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to obtain images of body organs and tissues, including the brain. The subject lies in a cylindrical machine for up to 60 minutes. Loud thumping noises occur when the radiofrequency circuits are switched; this noise can be muffled by the use of earplugs. Sessions 2 and 3: Picture naming during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) For transcranial magnetic stimulation, a wire coil is held on the subject's scalp. A brief electrical current is passed through the coil, creating a magnetic pulse that stimulates the brain. The subject hears a click and feels a pulling sensation on the skin under the coil. There may also be a twitch in the muscles of the arm or leg. During the TMS, subjects are asked to name pictures of common everyday objects that appear on a computer screen. They are asked to name them as fast and as accurately as possible. Their voice is recorded to determine the accuracy of their answers and the time it takes to answer. Subjects may also be asked to tense certain muscles slightly or perform other simple actions during the TMS to position the coil properly.

The purpose of this two phase study is to evaluate comprehension by people with acquired brain injury. The phase 1 portion of the study will examine comprehension of narrative paragraphs under 3 conditions: (a) written text only, (b) auditory output only (i.e., synthetic speech - David voice) or combined written text and auditory output. The phase 2 portion of the study is to evaluate comprehension of sentences and paragraphs produced with computer generated (synthesized) speech and digitized natural speech after multiple exposures.

The investigators will test the feasibility of using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and speech therapy to treat participants with motor speech disorders caused by Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Pathology including nonfluent variant Primary Progressive Aphasia, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Corticobasal Syndrome, or behavioral variant Frontotemporal Dementia. The investigators will deliver transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) either in a clinic setting at the University of California San Francisco, or in patients' homes, via a consumer tDCS device and videoconferencing. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation technique that can enhance the benefits of speech therapy treatment. Participants will receive a dose of tDCS stimulation + speech therapy and a dose of sham tDCS + speech therapy in a randomized double blind crossover study performed either in the clinic or at home via videoconferencing. This study can be performed entirely remotely.

Quality of care depends strongly on oral communication with patients. Stroke patients, who have language disorders, have understanding difficulties, but also have difficulties in expressing their needs and in being understood. Available tools do not allow a professional consensus on the assessment of patients' ability to answer reliably to questions asked by caregivers. The investigators propose an answer reliability assessment tool based on yes or no questions. The goal of the present study is to define an optimal score for defining the test positivity, as a compromise between sensitivity and specificity, and by emphasizing the negative predictive value.

This research is being done to determine whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can improve certain mental abilities. In this research, battery powered device is used to deliver very weak electrical current to the surface of the scalp while participants complete cognitive tasks. Our aim is to find out whether tDCS will improve task performance in both healthy adults and those with neurological impairment.

The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of AclarusDx™, an investigational blood test detecting gene expression information, and intended to help physicians in making an Alzheimer's Disease diagnosis in patients having memory impairments.

This study will help to better characterize oral and written language disorders and determine if these disorders are continuous or not. The participants ( dyslexic and dysphasic patients and control adults) will carry out an auditory lexical decision task during which an electroencephalogram (EEG) will be recorded.

The central goal of this study is to determine and compare the similarities and differences in regional brain uptake of [18F]T807 in patients with typical Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA), and Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia (lvPPA). The investigators will correlate patterns of [18F]T807 binding with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based regional volumetric and cortical thickness measures. If cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples are not available, patients may be asked to get an optional lumbar puncture (LP) for additional comparisons. The investigators will recruit 20 participants, 45-70 years old, with clinical evidence of young onset focal dementia.