Active clinical trials for "Anemia, Aplastic"

This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag when added to r-ATG and CsA in treatment naive East-Asian adult and pediatric patients with SAA.

Background: Moderate aplastic anemia is a blood disease which may require frequent blood and platelet transfusions. Sometimes patients with this disease can be treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Not all patients respond and not all patients are suitable for this treatment. Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a protein made by the body. The bone marrow needs TPO to produce platelets. TPO may also be able to stimulate bone marrow stem cells to produce red cells and white cells. However, TPO cannot be given by mouth. This has led researchers to develop the drug eltrombopag, which acts in the same way and can be given by mouth. Eltrombopag has been shown to safely increase platelet numbers in healthy volunteers and in patients with other chronic blood diseases, including severe aplastic anemia. Researchers are interested in looking at whether eltrombopag can be given to people with moderate aplastic anemia and significantly low blood cell counts. Objectives: - To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of eltrombopag in people with moderate aplastic anemia or patients with bone marrow failure and unilineage cytopenia who need treatment for significantly low blood cell counts. Eligibility: - People at least 2 years of age who have moderate aplastic anemia or bone marrow failure and unilineage cytopenia,and significantly low blood cell counts. Design: Patients will be screened with a physical examination, medical history, blood tests, a bone marrow biopsy, and an eye exam. Patients will receive eltrombopag by mouth once a day. Patients will have weekly blood tests to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment and adjust the dose in response to possible side effects. Patients may continue to take eltrombopag if their platelet count or hemoglobin increases, their requirement for platelet or blood transfusion decreases after 16 to 20 weeks of treatment, and there have been no serious side effects. Access to the drug will continue until the study is closed. Patients will be asked to return for a follow-up visit 6 months after the last dose of medication.

This is an open label, prospective Pilot interventional study will investigate the safety and efficacy of Romiplostim, thrombopoietin (TPO) mimetic, in children (ages: 0 to 21 years) with broad scope of bone marrow failure disorders including acquired and inherited conditions as a first line of therapy along with standard of care.

This phase Ib/2 trial studies how well chemotherapy, total body irradiation, and post-transplant cyclophosphamide work in reducing rates of graft versus host disease in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing a donor stem cell transplant. Drugs used in the chemotherapy, such as fludarabine phosphate and melphalan hydrochloride, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Giving chemotherapy and total-body irradiation before a donor stem cell transplant helps stop the growth of cells in the bone marrow, including normal blood-forming cells (stem cells) and cancer cells. When the healthy stem cells from a donor are infused into the patient, they may help the patient's bone marrow make stem cells, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Sometimes the transplanted cells from a donor can make an immune response against the body's normal cells (called graft versus host disease). Giving cyclophosphamide after the transplant may stop this from happening.

Dyskeratosis congenita is a disease that affects numerous parts of the body, most typically causing failure of the blood system. Lung disease, liver disease and cancer are other frequent causes of illness and death. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can cure the blood system but can make the lung and liver disease and risk of cancer worse, because of DNA damaging agents such as alkylators and radiation that are typically used in the procedure. Based on the biology of DC, we hypothesize that it may be possible to avoid these DNA damaging agents in patients with DC, and still have a successful BMT. In this protocol we will test whether a regimen that avoids DNA alkylators and radiation can permit successful BMT without compromising survival in patients with DC.

The purpose of this study is to determine if a search strategy of searching for an HLA-matched unrelated donor for allogeneic transplantation if possible then an alternative donor if an HLA-matched unrelated donor is not available versus proceeding directly to an alternative donor transplant will result in better survival for allogeneic transplant recipients within 2 years after study enrollment.

This study is a prospective, single center phase II clinical trial in which patients with Severe Aplastic Anemia (SAA) ) will receive a haploidentical transplantation. The purpose of this study is to learn more about newer methods of transplanting blood forming cells donated by a family member that is not fully matched to the patient. This includes studying the effects of the chemotherapy, radiation, the transplanted cell product and additional white blood cell (lymphocyte) infusions on the patient's body, disease and overall survival. The primary objective is to assess the rate of engraftment at 30 days and overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) at 1 year post-hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Primary Objectives To estimate the rate of engraftment at 30 days after TCR αβ+ T-cell-depleted graft infusion in patients receiving a single dose of post graft infusion cyclophosphamide. To estimate the overall survival and event free survival at 1-year post transplantation. Secondary Objectives To calculate the incidence of acute and chronic GVHD after HCT. To calculate the rate of secondary graft rejection at 1-year post transplantation To calculate the cumulative incidence of viral reactivation (CMV, EBV and adenovirus). To describe the immune reconstitution after TCR αβ+ T-cell-depleted graft infusion at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 1 year. Exploratory Objectives To longitudinally assess the phenotype and epigenetic profile of T-cells in SAA patients receiving HCT for SAA. To assess the phenotype and epigenetic profile of T-cells in DLI administered to SAA patients post HCT. To longitudinally assess CD8 T cell differentiation status in SAA patients using an epigenetic atlas of human CD8 T cell differentiation. To examine the effector functions and proliferative capacity of CD8 T cells isolated from SAA patients before and after DLI. Quantify donor derived Treg cells at different time points in patients received HCT. Determine Treg activation status at different stages after HCT. Are specific features of the DLI product associated with particular immune repertoire profiles post-transplant? How does the diversity and functional profile of the DLI product alter the response to pathogens in the recipient? Do baseline features of the recipient's innate and adaptive immune cells correlate with post-transplant immune repertoires and response profiles?

This study consists of two parts. Part 1 is a pilot BE study, and Part 2 is a pivotal study to demonstrate the bioequivalence of test and reference formulation, both of which adopt a single-center, randomized, open-label, three-period crossover design.

This phase Ib/II trial studies the side effects and best dose of ibrutinib and how well it works in treating patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. Ibrutinib may help improve COVID-19 symptoms by lessening the inflammatory response in the lungs, while preserving overall immune function. This may reduce the need to be on a ventilator to help with breathing.

This clinical trial studies the use of reduced intensity chemotherapy and radiation therapy before donor stem cell transplant in treating patients with hematologic malignancies. Giving low doses of chemotherapy, such as cyclophosphamide and fludarabine phosphate, before a donor stem cell transplant may help stop the growth of cancer cells. It may also stop the patient's immune system from rejecting the donor's stem cells. The donated stem cells may replace the patient's immune cells and help destroy any remaining cancer cells (graft-versus-tumor effect). Reducing the intensity of the chemotherapy and radiation may also reduce the side effects of the donor stem cell transplant.