Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Aspiration"

One-lung ventilation, even in patients with healthy weight, causes an impairment in gas-exchange and respiratory mechanics. We hypothesized that oxygenation during the one-lung ventilation in obese patients would be improved by applying inverse-ratio ventilation, reducing atelectasis in the dependent lung and resulting in reduced shunt. Because of the restrictive ventilatory effects of obesity, these patients often show a decreased functional residual capacity and decreased expiratory reserve volume, leading to an overall decreased tidal volume. These reduction leads to arterial hypoxemia, V-Q mismatch and Rt to Lt shunting. There are few studies on the one lung ventilation in obese patients about this prolonged inspiratory time ventilatory method. We plan to investigate the effect of this ventilation method in obese patients during one lung ventilation.

Respiratory muscle weakness results with decreased exercise capacity, worse fatigue, dyspnea and quality of life in patients with sarcoidosis. However, no study investigated the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT), therefore effects of IMT on outcomes in patients with sarcoidosis were investigated.

Air pollution exposure is a major environmental and public health concern. The findings from controlled exposure studies have given biological plausibility to the epidemiological associations, and have defined important pathways that may be amenable to intervention. Ultimately, there is a need to address how one may protect the public from these detrimental effects. Two studies have been performed assessing the cardiovascular effects of wearing a face mask in a highly polluted urban area in China in healthy volunteers and patients with coronary heart disease. These demonstrated lower blood pressure and increased heart rate variability when wearing a face mask as compared to not. The investigators aim to test if wearing a highly efficient face mask during exposure to dilute diesel exhaust abrogates the well-known adverse cardiovascular effects.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of breathing exercises (BE) during the second stage of labor for maternal pain, duration of labor and first-minute APGAR score. This is a randomized controlled trial that compares nulliparous pregnant in the second stage of labor instructed regarding BE with a control group (CG) that received standard care service. It was conducted at Nenehatun Obstetric and Gynecology Hospital between May-June 2016, in Erzurum. One session of BE training were given to pregnant in intervention group (IG). Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was performed to identify perception of pain to all pregnant during the second stage of birth. Time of the second stage was recorded as second (sec), and first minute APGAR scores were recorded. Significance was set at p<0.05.

Purpose: The purpose of this protocol is to compare the genetic and epigenetic effects between diesel exhaust and ozone exposure in healthy individuals and in mild/moderate asthmatics. Participants: The investigators will recruit up to 30 mild to moderate asthmatics and up to 50 healthy adults to participate in this study. Procedures (methods): Subjects will be exposed to clean air, to 300 µg/m3 of diesel exhaust for 2 hours and to 0.3 ppm of ozone for 2 hours with intermittent exercise in a controlled environment chamber. Primary endpoints will include spirometry and lung cell changes post-exposure. Secondary endpoints will include analysis of blood clotting/coagulation factors, Holter monitoring of cardiac parameters, analysis of soluble factors present in plasma and bronchial lavage and analysis of intracellular factors present in lung tissue obtained from a brush biopsy.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic, progressive and disabling disease and can affect functional capacity due to the weakness of the respiratory muscles. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of inspiratory muscle training on functional capacity in patients with OSA. A pilot study will be conducted to calculate the sample. Individuals of both genders, diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea moderate or severe (measured by polysomnography) will be invited and the data collected in the Sleep Laboratory of the Pronto-Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE), located in Recife- PE- BRAZIL. The study deals with a test-clinical randomized double-blind.The intervention groups held inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and the load is equivalent to 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). The evaluations will be performed once a week during twelve weeks. Control groups will be submitted to a simulated training with load less than 10% of MIP (insufficient charge to train the muscles), during the same period as the intervention group. The guidelines for the training and weekly evaluations will be performed by the responsible for the researcher physiotherapist in Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Laboratory (LACAP- UFPE). After the training period, the groups will be reassessed by the evaluation tests of functional capacity (ADL- Glittre Test and Ergospirometry), inspiratory muscle strength (manometer) and lung function (spirometry) and then compared. Expected results: The interventional groups will improve their functional capacity.

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of preoperative inspiratory muscle training in patients with grade III obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. It will be a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial with volunteers allocated in two groups that will be compared according to postoperative evolution (pulmonary complications, lung function, strength and endurance of the respiratory muscles and respiratory system resistance).

In diabetic individuals, changes in ventilatory muscle strength and lung function have been demonstrated over the years. The onset and progression of chronic complications in diabetes should be avoided by reaching glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels below 7%. The control of glycemia through the measurement of HbA1c is fundamental to avoid complications. The inspiratory muscle training has been used in several clinical situations, and may be an alternative for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have difficulties performing conventional exercises. The long-term effect of inspiratory muscle training on glycemic control has not been tested yet. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of inspiratory muscle training on glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) is proven to increase the survival of patients with respiratory failure, most commonly from diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). At least 15 hours' usage per day is needed to improve mortality. Most patients on LTOT utilise bulky oxygen concentrators (OC) which run on continuous Alternating Current (AC) power. This intervention, however, limits patient mobility and social engagement as patients are tethered to their device and confined to their homes. Reduced physical activity levels have been shown in COPD patients to be associated with reduced quality of life (QoL), increased admission rates to hospital and survival even after adjustment for severity of COPD. Significant benefits stand to be made by improving physical activity levels in LTOT patients. Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR), which is traditionally conducted in a healthcare setting, is an established intervention that addresses this by improving exercise tolerance but uptake and completion rates have been low due to reasons such as cost and difficulty with transport. LTOT usage is also cited as an independent barrier to PR. The investigators propose the establishment of a 10-week home-based physiotherapy programme as a novel community-centric and resource-lean intervention that seeks to improve the physical activity level of LTOT patients. Patients will be prescribed an ambulatory oxygen device and receive education on its usage in conjunction with a home exercise regimen which includes a home visit and subsequent telephone support by a physiotherapist in partnership with a community-based healthcare provider. A prospective pilot study of 30 patients is proposed. The outcome measures include mobility function, activity levels, generic and disease-specific QoL. If successful, our programme may revolutionize the approach to LTOT patients in Singapore and improve their ability to function independently in the community greatly; in addition, the reduction in hospital-based healthcare utilisation is greatly advantageous.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is defined as a total cessation of upper airway flow for at least 10 seconds. OSAS is considered under diagnosed and it is assessed by a full-night sleep polysomnography. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is considered the first line treatment to OSAS, however physical exercise has emerged as an adjunct and/or alternative strategy to CPAP in OSAS patients.