Active clinical trials for "Plaque, Atherosclerotic"

Combination therapy of ezetimibe with a low-dose statin is occasionally used to avoid statin-related side effects in clinical practice among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This approach is equivalent to high-dose statin therapy to decrease LDL cholesterol level by >50%, allowing such patients to achieve LDL cholesterol target. However, it remains uncertain whether combination therapy with ezetimibe and low-dose statin verse high-dose statin monotherapy similarily suppress atherosclerotic plaque inflammation. This study is to compare high-dose rosuvastatin versus low-dose rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe on carotid plaque inflammation in patients with acute coronary syndrome using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.

The aim of the study is to test the effectiveness and safety of the use of lidocaine infusion in multimodal analgesic management. A group of patients undergoing vascular surgery performed with the classic technique on the aorta - with the opening of the abdominal cavity will be enrolled. The population of patients qualified for this type of vascular surgery is usually burdened with multiple diseases, mainly risk factors or cardiovascular diseases, which, combined with hemodynamic fluctuations, large fluid shifts (including bleeding) and stress for the body, affects the risk of serious cardiological complications, which in this group exceeds 5% and is the highest, according to the ESC / ESA (European Society of Cardiology / European Society of Anesthesiology) classification from 2014. Proper postoperative pain control is therefore becoming one of the key pillars of postoperative care in this group of patients. Due to the numerous disease burden of patients and the operational specifics, the use of multimodal therapy in the management of pain is of particular importance, as the use of high doses of opioids improves hemodynamic stability, but at the same time affects the occurrence of side effects - mainly excessive sedation, respiratory disorders, hypoventilation and, consequently, for hypoxia of the heart muscle. The risk of myocardial injury in non-cardiac surgery (MINS) is significant in the light of the available literature. Lidocaine used in intravenous infusion is one of the recommended components of multidirectional analgesia. Its adjuvant properties make it possible to reduce the amount of opioid drugs used, and thus - to reduce the frequency of their side effects. The high effectiveness of such a procedure has been proven in numerous experimental and epidemiological studies. Due to the low frequency of side effects associated with its use, the therapy has a strong recommendation for use in relieving perioperative pain. The analysis of the literature on the subject shows that there is little data assessing effectiveness of lidocaine infusion in relation to the group of patients after surgery on the abdominal aorta.

Objectives: To compare the effects of clopidogrel versus ticagrelor on atherosclerotic plaque inflammation using serial FDG PET/CT imaging of carotid artery and ascending aorta. Hypothesis: Thrombosis and inflammation are tightly linked rather than separate entities. Therefore, P2Y12 receptor inhibitors may have an anti-ischemic effect by inhibiting plaque inflammation, and ticagrelor may be superior in efficacy to clopidogrel.

This study will assess the effect of RO4607381, compared to placebo, on atherosclerotic plaque in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) including patients with other CHD risk factors. After a pre-randomisation period during which positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET/CT) and MRI will be conducted, patients will be randomized to receive either RO4607381 600mg po daily, or placebo po daily. PET/CT and MRI scans will be taken at intervals during the study. The anticipated time on study treatment is 2 years, and the target sample size is 100 individuals.

Primary Objective: To compare the efficacy of alirocumab (Praluent®) with standard of care (SoC) on coronary atheroma progression (percent change in normalized total atheroma volume [TAV]) after 9 months of treatment in participants who had acute coronary syndrome (ACS) within 4 weeks prior to randomization, with hypercholesterolemia treated with statin. Secondary Objectives: To compare the efficacy of alirocumab (Praluent®) with SoC on secondary endpoints including absolute change in percent atheroma volume and normalized TAV after 9 months of treatment. To evaluate the efficacy of alirocumab (Praluent®) on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) after 9 months treatment. To evaluate the safety of alirocumab (Praluent®) including the occurrence of cardiovascular events (coronary heart disease death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, fatal and non-fatal ischemic stroke, unstable angina requiring hospitalization) throughout the study.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most frequent cause of mortality in the industrialized world. Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for the development and progression of CAD. While statins currently represent the first-line, gold-standard therapy for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, nearly 50% of patients in Europe and Canada treated with statins do not achieve their target levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or cannot tolerate effective statin doses. Recently, a growing number of studies of PCSK9 inhibitors in a wide spectrum of patients with hyperlipidemia on or off lipid-lowering therapy, familial hypercholesterolemia, and statin intolerance demonstrated consistent, profound, and sustained reductions in LDL-C with greater magnitude of reduction as compared with high-dose statin regimens. However, the effects of PCSK9 inhibition on coronary plaque morphology remain unknown. This study will investigate the effect of the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the infarct-related artery and receiving guideline-recommended high-intensity statin therapy. A serial, multivessel, intravascular ultrasound, near-infrared spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography imaging study will be performed to determine the change in plaque volume at week 52. A total of 294 patients will be enrolled in the study and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either alirocumab or placebo.

Non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly common in women, has been associated with impaired quality of life and risk of recurrent hospitalizations. Several studies have also demonstrated increased risk of incident acute coronary events and mortality. The main objective of the project is to assess the association between coronary artery plaque features by coronary CT angiography and long term prognosis in a large unselected population undergoing CT coronary angiography due to stable angina and suspected myocardial ischemia from the Norwegian Registry for Invasive Cardiology (NORIC) diagnosed with non-obstructive CAD by coronary CT angiography.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the results of drug eluting balloon are non-inferior to the Nitinol stent implantation in the femoropopliteal segment.

Background: Fat and calcium can build up as plaque in artery walls. The Agatston score measures plaque using computed tomography (CT) that does not use an injected contrast agent. Plaque in the arteries of the pelvis and abdomen is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. It also may affect cancer. But abdominal CTs use a contrast agent (CECT). Therefore, the Agatston score cannot be used. Researchers want to find a way to measure plaque in CECTs. This will help them use abdominal CTs to measure plaque without extra radiation. Objective: To measure atherosclerotic plaques on CECT in a group of males. Eligibility: Men ages 30-90 with prostate cancer (proven with biopsies) who have abdomen CT studies in the PACS (picture archiving system) in the Clinical Center. Also, men or women of all ages who have multiphase abdomen and pelvic CT studies that are in the PACS. Design: This study will use data gathered since 1/1/2013. Data will also be taken from protocol 03-CC-0128 and clinical trials 15-C-0124, 16-C-0048, 14-C-0112, and 04-C-0274. Participants from these studies have allowed their samples to be used in the future. Participants will be found via keyword searches on NIH databases. Their CT and MRI scans will be used. Data such as age, race, disease, and treatment will be used. Results of other tests may be used. The plaque in participants abdomen and iliac arteries will be measured. It will be compared with biomarkers related to CVD and prostate cancer, such as weight, age, and race. This study will take place at one site. Data will be stored on secure computers. Printouts will be kept in locked rooms.

To predict coronary atherosclerosis progression in patients with acute coronary syndrome by the use of intracoronary imaging methods. To investigate the ability of NIRS to detect vulnerable plaque characterized by the presence of OCT-defined TCFA To study the influence of gene polymorphisms (in genes playing role in vessel dilatation) on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis and clinical outcomes