Active clinical trials for "Atherosclerosis"

The aim of this study is the comparison between the effects of supplementation with 25000 IU preformed vitamin A (retinyl palmitate) or placebo for 4 months on gene expression of T CD4+ lymphocyte in atherosclerotic patients(documented with angiography).

A predominant consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is accelerated development of atherosclerosis related conditions. Conventional cardiovascular risk factors only explain a portion of the excess risk for atherosclerosis in this population. In vitro, animal and epidemiologic studies have suggested that a variety of "novel" cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), including triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL), small dense low density lipoprotein (D-LDL) subfractions, oxidative stress, and advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. These risk factors may also induce endothelial cell activation/injury or local or systemic inflammation that cause elevations in plasma levels of additional novel risk factors, such as soluble adhesion molecules, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP). Many of these risk factors are increased in DM type 2, presumably as a consequence of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. However, no studies have evaluated the singular or synergistic relationship of these novel (CVRF) to measures of atherosclerosis as well as to the development of clinical macrovascular events in individuals with diabetes. If, as we suspect, these novel CVRF are related to development of atherosclerosis and macrovascular disease, it will be critical for the future design of prevention strategies to know whether intensive glucose lowering significantly reduces the levels of these novel CVRF. Furthermore, it would be important to explore whether the relationship of the above novel risk factors to atherosclerosis and development of clinical events is attenuated in those individuals receiving glucose lowering therapy. Alternatively, if glucose lowering has no effect (or a negative effect), on relevant novel CVRF, this could potentially explain the limited success of intensive glucose lowering to reduce macrovascular events in several prior trials. The investigator proposes to take advantage of the study population and framework of the recently approved VA Cooperative Study of "Glycemic Control and Complications in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2" to address these issues in an efficient and cost-effective manner.

1062 children at the age of 7 months and their families were randomized 1:1 in an intervention arm and a control arm. The intervention families has received child-oriented and individualized nutritional and life-style counseling that aims at decreasing child's exposure to the known environmental atherosclerosis risk factors. The controls children receive information as given at the well-baby clinics and in school health care of children and adolescents. The hypothesis is that the intervention children have healthier food habits and serum serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations than the controls, fewer of them start smoking, and their physical activity level is higher than that of the controls.

This study is a substudy of the MAN2 -study (Mycophenol mofetil in Antiretroviral Naïve patients 2, see elsewhere in the ClinicalTrials.gov database). In the MAN2 study, HIV-1 infected patients who are not treated with antiretroviral treatment will be randomized to treatment with Mycophenol mofetil (MMF)500 mg BID or a control group without treatment (open label). Both patients randomized to treatment with MMF and patients randomized to the control group will be asked to participate also in this substudy. In this substudy we want to show whether monotherapy with Mycophenol mofetil (MMF) in patients infected with HIV-1 can reduce acceleration of atherogenesis by attenuating various inflammatory pathways normally involved in progression of atherosclerosis.

Homocysteine (Hcy) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) have recently been recognized as potential risk factors for atherosclerosis in the general population, and the metabolism of each of these substances seems to be closely related. This study investigates the association between these substances, and whether elevated serum levels of Hcy and ADMA would be related to a high risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients.

To assess the safety and efficacy of AGI-1067, as compared to placebo, in the treatment of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis by assessing the reduction in cardiovascular events.

To test whether specific genes affect lipoprotein and weight responses to vigorous exercise in identical twins.

To investigate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to vascular inflammation, and to define the extent to which inflammatory phenotypes and genotypes predict subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD).

To measure the association between estrogen receptor variants and the extent of atherosclerosis in the thoracic and abdominal aorta and the right coronary artery in subjects in the PDAY study.

To examine the independent association of serum total homocysteine and C-reactive protein with arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.