Active clinical trials for "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity"

Medication is an efficacious treatment strategy for adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), however use significantly declines during adolescence when the consequences of ADHD are most severe (e.g. dropping out of school, delinquency, etc.). The Unified Theory of Behavior Change (UTBC) has been proposed as a conceptual model to explain the mechanism underlying ADHD medication adherence and to guide the development of interventions to improve the continuity of treatment. The UTBC is a well-established and empirically tested model that identifies factors that influence an individual's intention to perform a behavior as well as factors that influence whether a behavior is actually carried out. Indeed, the research team's preliminary data support the relevance of pre-intention factors and implementation factors for medication continuity among adolescents with ADHD. Currently, no evidence-based interventions target medication continuity for adolescents with ADHD. The objective of this study is to test a multi-component intervention that systematically identifies and targets aspects of the UTBC model most relevant for each adolescent with poor ADHD medication continuity. The central hypothesis is that the tailored intervention will support ADHD medication continuity. The study will conduct an open label trial among adolescents with poor medication continuity to test whether the intervention engages the mechanism underlying medication continuity and improves outcomes.

HHT or Rendu-Osler-Weber disease is a genetic disease with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, characterized by widespread telangiectases that can involve several organs including the intestinal tract and the liver. Liver involvement by HHT is characterized by widespread diffuse liver vascular malformations that give origin to arteriovenous, arterioportal and portovenous shunts. The prevalence of hepatic involvement in HHT can reach 78%. Less commonly, patients may also develop porto-systemic encephalopathy (PSE). However, there are no studies on the possibility that patients with HHT might develop mHE, a highly plausible hypothesis considering the presence of diffuse macroscopic and microscopic porto-systemic shunt in this pathological condition.

The Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder which affects 3 to 5 % of school age children. This disorder persists in the adulthood for 60 % of subjects. Children with ADHD are sleepier during the day than normal children. However, there is no information concerning the diurnal sleepiness of adults with ADHD and the impact of this sleepiness on their driving capacity. The investigators postulate that the negative impact of ADHD is due to an awakening disorder which adds to the attentional disorder. The aim of this study is to estimate both the sleepiness by a Maintenance Wakefulness Test (MWT) and the capacity to drive in adults with ADHD.

ADHD in the adult population is associated with several measures of harmful dysfunction. For example, adult ADHD is associated with high rates of separation/divorce and never-married status, lower educational attainment and occupational achievement, absenteeism, presenteeism, and job termination, as well as decreased social function. Individuals with adult ADHD are more likely than controls to have a comorbid diagnosis of bipolar disorder, alcohol and substance abuse, as well as antisocial personality disorder. Psychostimulants are the most frequently employed medications in the treatment of adult ADHD. Several psychostimulants are Health Canada and US FDA-approved for the treatment of ADHD symptoms in adulthood. Hitherto, no trial has evaluated the safety and efficacy of a psychostimulant in the treatment of ADHD symptomatology in adult individuals with bipolar disorder. Vyvanse is the first prodrug stimulant indicated for the treatment of adult (and pediatric) ADHD. Vyvanse is a therapeutically inactive molecule (i.e. prodrug). After oral ingestion, lisdexamfetamine is converted to l-lysine, a naturally occurring essential amino acid, and active d-amphetamine, which is responsible for the drug's activity. Vyvanse provides a longer duration of effect consistent throughout the day with reduced potential for risk of abuse. Vyvanse is generally well tolerated with an adverse event profile similar to other psychostimulant medications. Available evidence indicates that in most treated subjects, Vyvanse is weight-neutral and/or is associated with weight loss. Moreover, in some individuals, it is associated with improvement in both glucose and lipid homeostasis. The evaluation of safety/tolerability profiles as well as the effectiveness of lisdexamfetamine in a "real-world" population has significant translational value.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common (3-10%), early-onset, clinically and genetically heterogeneous neuropsychiatric disorder with lifelong neuropsychological deficits. Despite many imaging studies on ADHD across countries, only few longitudinal studies investigated the developmental changes of structural and functional brain connectivity and some imaging studies using unaffected sibling design in western countries. There is no published data regarding developmental changes in brain functions assessed by neuropsychology/physiology/image in Asia and Taiwan as well. The ultimate goals of this 3-year project are to identify which neuropsychological, functional and structural connectivity, and neurophysiological variables can be effective endophenotypes (biomarkers) for ADHD based on this follow-up unaffected sibling study design. Due to the limitation of diffusion tensor image (DTI), original analysis of diffusion spectrum image (DSI), and single-echo resting-state functional MRI (SE rsfMRI), the investigators will adopt Mean Apparent Propagator (MAP)-MRI, tract-based autonomic analysis (TBAA) and multi-echo (ME) rsfMRI in this project. With the accomplishment of the following study goals, this study will be the first longitudinal follow-up neuroimaging/physiological endophenotypes study on ADHD using advanced imaging techniques and comprehensive clinical and neurocognitive data.

The ultimate goal of this study is to find the association between specific polymorphism of candidate genes and medication response in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients. These results will lead the investigators' team: (1) to resolve controversies over inconsistent findings in previous pharmacogenetic studies; (2) to study the medication effect on the neuropsychological functions that are useful candidate endophenotypes for ADHD; (3) to delineate the nature and the effect of gene-gene interaction in the drug response of ADHD patients.

4.4 million children and adolescents in the United States have been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and more than half are treated with medication. Most ADHD medications are stimulants, which activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). SNS activation is closely associated with vascular functional and mechanical abnormalities. Therefore, ADHD medications, via instigating SNS activation and altering the hemodynamic profile, may have untoward effects on the vasculature and increase risk of developing cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents who use them. Our overall objective in this study is to determine whether ADHD medication use is associated SNS activation, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness in children and adolescents. We will address this objective by conducting a case-control study and obtain non-invasive measures of SNS activation, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness in children and adolescents (8-17 years old) with (using stimulant medication) and without ADHD.

This study aims to establish the psychometric properties of the Adult ADHD Quality of Life Scale (AAQoL) and to validate the diagnosis of adult ADHD by ADHD symptoms, other clinical psychiatric symptoms, neuropsychological functioning, social/family/occupational functioning, and intervention effect.

This study will explore the brain in men with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It will use positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study brain function and nerve cell communication involving phospholipids (fatty molecules that make up the covering of nerve cell fibers in the brain and are involved in communication between the cells). It will also look at how nerve cell communication is related to blood flow. In particular, the study will explore communication through the dopamine system, which is one of the main neurotransmitter systems in the brain involved in ADHD. Healthy men and men with ADHD between 18 and 55 years of age may be eligible for this study. Participants undergo the following procedures: "<TAB>Medical history and psychiatric and medical evaluation, including blood and urine tests. "<TAB>MRI scan. This test uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to obtain images of the brain. The subject lies still on a table that slides into the scanner (a metal cylinder) during the scanning. "<TAB>PET scanning. The subject lies on the scanner bed with his head held still using a special facemask. A catheter (plastic tube or needle) is placed in an artery to collect blood samples and in a vein to inject radioactive isotopes for measuring blood flow and phospholipid metabolism. Scans are done after an injection of a saline solution and again after injection of apomorphine, a medication that turns on dopamine receptors in the brain. The injections are given under the skin of the abdomen, about one and a half hours apart....

The purpose of this study is examine the efficacy of atomoxetine on executive functioning measures including the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and the executive function measures of the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB).