Active clinical trials for "Autistic Disorder"

Memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, has been explored as a possible therapeutic agent that reduces the excitatory (glutamate) - inhibitory (gamma amino-butyric acid, GABA) imbalance in autism pathology and improves social and communication deficits. While some studies have shown positive results, a large clinical trial failed to show benefit possibly because different subsets of autism responded differently to the treatment. The investigator proposes a pilot, exploratory, clinical follow-on study using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to determine whether baseline glutamate/GABA levels in certain regions of the brain may help predict treatment response to Memantine in autistic subjects. At study onset, subjects will be assessed on the behavioral scales such as the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and Clinical Global Impressions scale, followed by MRS imaging. Memantine treatment will be started post imaging. Assessment measures will be repeated at week 12 during treatment. Glutamate and GABA levels in brain regions will be correlated to improvements on assessment measures. Expected results include higher glutamate and/or lower GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex at baseline in responders to memantine. If the hypotheses are confirmed, it will provide evidence of a relevant neural biomarker to predict treatment response to memantine with important implications for clinical care including improving individualization of treatments.

Socio-communicative impairments are core deficits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Individuals with ASD have difficulty understanding eye contact, facial expressions, body language, and different tones of voice when communicating with others. They can't interpret the thoughts and feelings of others, or predict social events, and the impaired social skills may lead to rejection of peers and poor participation in school. Social skills training targets the core symptoms of ASD. Empirical support is building for cognitive-behavioral intervention approach, social skills training group for verbally fluent, school-aged children with ASD. Several studies have shown the efficacy of the social story intervention. It is usually provided individually, but we want to use it in the group.

There is a need to find an approach that is appropriate for managing children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the dental clinic, to manage their behaviour and decrease their anxiety in this research we will apply our modified dental visual aids and test its effectiveness in managing the behavior of such children during the dental appointment.

This study examines the effects of a single dose of intranasal oxytocin (vs. placebo) on complex social cognition in adults with autism spectrum disorders.

This study will test whether donepezil (Aricept(Registered Trademark)), a drug that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat Alzheimer's disease, can increase rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in children with autism and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Some children with autism and ASD spend very little time in REM sleep. In some studies, decreased REM sleep has been associated with learning and behavior problems. Donepezil can increase REM sleep in some adults with different disorders. If it can increase REM sleep in children in this study, it might be able to be used in future studies to see if it can help learning and behavior problems in children with autism and ASD. Children between 2 and 10 years of age with autism or an ASD whose percentage of REM sleep time is well below the average for children of the same age may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a medical history, physical and neurological examinations, blood tests, electroencephalogram (EEG) and a sleep study. The sleep study requires an overnight stay at the NIH Clinical Center in which the child is monitored with electrodes for EEG and heartbeat recording, a tube taped below the nose to measure airflow, a probe on a finger to record oxygen levels and a small watch-like machine on the wrist to record movements. Participating children may be required to have up to six overnight stays for sleep studies at the Clinical Center. The children start by taking 1.25 mg of donepezil for 2 to 4 weeks. Then they are admitted to the NIH Clinical Center for a sleep study, blood tests and EKG. Those whose REM sleep increases to normal levels stay on 1.25 mg of donepezil for 8 more weeks, after which they are admitted to the Clinical Center for a final physical examination, blood draw and sleep study. That ends their participation in the study. Children whose REM sleep does not increase to normal on 1.25 mg of donepezil are given a higher dose (2.5 mg) for 2 to 4 weeks, and the above procedure is repeated. Those whose REM sleep does not increase to normal on 2.5 mg of donepezil take 5 mg of the drug for 2 to 4 weeks, and the above procedure is repeated once more. Children whose REM sleep does not increase to normal on 5 mg of donepezil stop the medication and end their participation in the study. At each study visit, study researchers talk to the parents and examine the children to determine if donepezil is affecting the child's behavior and if the child is hav...

This study will be the pilot/feasibility phase of a future clinical trial. The proposed feasibility and pilot study aims to bridge the barriers to diagnosis by providing easy-to-access assessment for free, through a mobile unit that travels to rural locations and telehealth assessments. The diagnostic evaluation will confirm or rule out a diagnosis of ASD, followed by purposeful ASD psychoeducation for parents whose children are diagnosed. Parents of children who meet criteria for a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or are suspected to have ASD will be randomized into one of three groups (i.e., in-person psychoeducation, telehealth psychoeducation, or "psychoeducation as usual" with paper psychoeducation materials). Parents will complete outcome measures related to their satisfaction, empowerment, and autism spectrum disorder knowledge. Changes in empowerment and ASD knowledge will be measured within and between groups through a multilevel modeling (MLM) framework. The investigators will also track if participants sought and/or received additional ASD-related services throughout, and again at a 6-month follow-up. Results from this study will help to guide a future, fully powered efficacy trial with a larger sample. Added April 2020: In light of the Virginia governor's stay-at-home order in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the investigators are altering the protocol in line with the university's request to move to remote conduct of research where possible as well as to continue to provide services to families in this time, in line with Executive Order 53 from the VA Governor. Parents in the latter half of the study conducted entirely remotely, will be randomized into the two psychoeducation conditions, telehealth or paper materials psychoeducation groups, as in-person visits are not permitted. Statistical analyses will be added to compare results between and within those who received in-person versus telehealth assessments. The investigators and participants may return to in-person assessments if and when it is possible to do so, but reserve the right to continue tele-assessment even once stay-at-home orders are lifted, in order to fully answer the research aim of the feasibility and validity or tele-assessment procedures in ASD.

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak, the home confinement of the population ordered by governments in many countries raise questions about its impact on individuals' physical and mental health in the short and longer term. In children, reduced physical activity, changes in lifestyle, disturbances in sleep patterns, lack of in-person contact with peers, poor or inadequate understanding of health risks may be risk factors of anxiety, stress, fatigue, sleep disorders. These problematic effects could be modulated by social factors (housing in urban or rural areas, availability of personal space at home, parenting stress, etc.).

The investigators explored the neural and behavioral effect of oxytocin on youth with Autism spectrum disorder using magnetoencephalography (MEG). The investigators hypothesize that oxytocin will modulate neural activity to resemble patterns observed in the age-matched control group. Thirty-two adolescents with autism and 26 typically developing adolescents participated in this randomized, double-blind MEG study. Individuals with autism arrived at the lab twice and received an acute dose of intranasal oxytocin or placebo in each session. During the scans, participants were asked to complete several tasks related to social perception - such as identification of social and non-social stimuli.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuro-behavioral disorder associated with repetitive movements. The role of physical therapist towards an autistic child is most neglected one. Therefore, the objective of this study was to see the effectiveness of different ball exercise on stereotypic behavior of children with ASD. Different ball exercises were implemented for 2 months, 3 sessions per week and every session consist of 35 minutes.

In this randomized control study, investigators will evaluate the effectiveness of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) matrix behavioral protocol compared to Parent Training (PT) programs in improving the psychological well-being of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Twelve parents will be randomly and equitably assigned to two matched groups in which individuals will undergo 24 weekly ACT (experimental group) or conventional PT (control group) protocol meetings