Active clinical trials for "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1"

This study has 2 parts. Each participant will receive a daily injection of LY2605541 during one treatment period and a daily injection of insulin glargine during one treatment period. Each treatment period is 2 to 3 weeks and is followed by a procedure to lower blood sugar levels to see how the body recovers after each treatment.

Type 1 diabetes is the most common childhood disease. Treatment of diabetes requires personal checks of blood sugar levels, injecting insulin, changing eating habits and physical exercise, which requires a real change in the life of the child & adolescent and can cause significant damage to the quality of life as well. Compliance to treatment is a major challenge for all patients and mostly to adolescence, which often worsen their diabetes control at that age. The Michael Method is a unique, holistic program to develop and realize an individual's emotional, intellectual and behavioral potential, which is based on the belief that every human being can excel in every field they choose. The method was developed in 1988 by a multi-disciplinary team of professional academic in Israel. Today the Israeli education system implements the method in Junior High Schools and High Schools in diverse educational sectors. The program is taught at many other various frameworks: teachers' continuing education programs, colleges, programs run by the Ministries of Defense and Social Welfare, the National Insurance Institute, the National Electric Corporation and in many other public and private frameworks. The proposed study is aimed to assess whether the Michael Method can be used as a tool for improving metabolic control and quality of life among uncontrolled adolescence with type 1 diabetes

BACKGROUND: Individuals with diabetes report innate preference for sweet foods, possibly due to genetic variants. In addition, studies have shown that ingestion of fructose promotes lower postprandial blood glucose, compared to glucose. However, excessive intake may increase triglycerides, uric acid and oxidative stress, due to oxidative priority. AIMS: To investigate the influence of fructose and glucose and taste receptor, type 1, member 2 (TAS1R2) in glucose, triglycerides, uremia, oxidative stress, feelings related to food intake and palatability of individuals with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: The trial is a single-blind, two-way crossover (1-week washout) study in 30 subjects with type 1 diabetes. Blood samples were collected before and 2-hours after the participants receive 75g of fructose or 75g of glucose dissolved in 200 ml water. Capillary blood glucose were assessed at 30, 90, 120, and 180 minutes to determine glucose, and visual analogue scales for measurement of appetite sensation were assessed at 70, 120, and 190 minutes. PURPOSE: The research proposal adds knowledge about the TAS1R2 (Ile191Val) polymorphism and around the most suitable monosaccharide for individuals with diabetes type 1.

Iatrogenic hypoglycemia is the most frequent acute complication of insulin therapy in people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Recurrent hypoglycemic events initiate a process of habituation, characterized by suppression of hypoglycemic symptoms and lead to hypoglycemia unawareness, which in itself defines a particularly high risk of severe hypoglycemia. Recent evidence suggest a pivotal role for increased brain lactate transport capacity in the pathogenesis of hypoglycemia unawareness. However, there is uncertainty about the magnitude of this effect and whether such excess brain lactate is oxidizes as a glucose-sparing alternative energy source or acts as a metabolic regulator controlling brain glucose metabolism, oxygen consumption and cerebral blood flow. Objective: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effect of hypoglycemia on brain lactate accumulation and regional cerebral blood perfusion in humans. The secondary objective is to assess whether this effect is a related to hypoglycemia unawareness or a consequence of T1DM per se. Hypothesis: The investigators hypothesize that hypoglycemia stimulates lactate transport over the blood-brain barrier leading to cerebral lactate accumulation and that this lactate accumulation is a function of prior hypoglycemic exposure frequency contributing to clinical hypoglycemia unawareness. Furthermore, the investigators expect that this effect of hypoglycemia on brain lactate accumulation is related to changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Background: Pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus are known to be a challenging group for achieving recommended glycemic control. Coping with the demands of self-managing IDDM in children and adolescents can be a formidable task, requiring a healthy and balanced diet, monitoring and regular insulin injections. Most patients are non-compliant to the treatment. A number of controlled studies have examined the efficiency of psychosocial interventions for improving compliance and glycemic control among diabetic youth. None has examined the effectiveness of guided imagery in treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Primary Objective: To asses simultaneously the effect of listening to auditory guided imagery and blood glucose variability, compared to variability in blood glucose while listening to songs. Secondary Objective To assess the effect of routine auditory guided imagery to glycemic control and quality of life in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, compared to listening listening to songs. Methods: Subjects: 14 youth ages 7-16 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus , for at least 6 months, and not during the honey moon period will be recruited, and will be blindly randomized to receive intervention (auditory guided imagery group) or control (regular auditory music). Protocol: Design: A randomized Controlled Blinded Study Intervention: 14 randomly numbered CD's will be prepared at study initiation, half containing auditory guided imagery and half containing music. Study protocol: After an initial check up, including HbA1C levels, and explanation of study procedures the participants will be given either the intervention or the control CD, to be used twice a day for five days. During this period continuous glucose monitoring will be performed. On days one and five the procedure will take place while the participants are connected to biofeedback. QOL questionnaires will be completed at the beginning of day one, or before. In the second part of the study the children will use the intervention / control CD at home twice a week for 12 weeks. At the end of the study period they will again be evaluated, including HbA1C, and all subjects will again complete QOL questionnaires

The purpose of this study is to assess performance of a new subcutaneous glucose sensor over a seven day sensor life when used with currently marketed Medtronic Diabetes devices. In addition performance of the new sensor will be calculated for use of the new sensor with proposed new devices using new calibration algorithms.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of multiple doses of PF-06342674. Several dose levels will be evaluated.

Each subject will be allocated to 2 periods of 3 months of once daily dosing with either liraglutide (1.2 mg) or placebo treatment (in random sequence) as add on to usual intensive insulin treatment. Wash-out period between treatments will be 1 month. The trial can be divided into the following periods: Screening Treatment period 1 Washout period Treatment period 2 Follow up Visit Mixed Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT) enriched with paracetamol: At the beginning and end of each period a MMTT (Fortimel complete) enriched with paracetamol will be performed to assess the remaining beta-cell function via obtained maximal plasma C-peptide levels as well as the gastric emptying. Experimental / Hypoglycaemic clamp : At the end of each period (Visit 8, 15) a hypoglycaemic clamp will be performed. After the subject completed the MMTT on day 1, the subject will stay in the clinical unit to prepare for the hypoglycaemic clamp with an variable insulin infusion intravenously in order to obtain a steady state of a plasma glucose (PG) level of 5.5 mmol/L overnight until approximately 08:00. At 05:00 hours 10%-[6,6-2H2] glucose solution will be given i.v. as a primed (9.6mg/kg/min) for one minute and a constant (0.08 mg/kg/min) infusion until the last blood sampling of the plateau 4.0 mmol/L will be performed. At 08:00 hours in the morning at day 2, insulin infusion will be increased to 1.5 mU/kg/min for each subject and the PG will be kept at a plateau of 5.5 mmol/L by a controlled variable intravenous infusion of glucose (10% glucose enriched with 4mg [6,6-2H2] glucose /ml) for one hour. Afterwards, PG is allowed to fall to a plateau of 3.5 mmol/L, then to a nadir of 2.5 mmol/L, then to a blood glucose of 4.0 mmol/L and finally back to a level of 5.5 mmol/L for safety reasons. Blood sampling for measurement of [6,6-2H2] glucose, glucagon, insulin, counterregulatory hormones, lactate, free fatty acids, glycerol, vital signs, hypoglycaemic symptoms questionnaire and hypoglycaemic awareness will be performed at each PG plateau.

Whereas physical activity clearly results in improvements in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) the impact of exercise on blood sugar control is more complex. In type 1 diabetes T1DM the inability to reduce exogenous insulin levels during exercise is a key factor that contributes to an increased risk of exercise-induced hypoglycemia. Since rapid adaptation of insulin dosage may be especially difficult in patients on a multiple daily injection regimen, alternative strategies are required to improve exercise-associated glucose stability. There is increasing evidence that the combination of steady state continuous low to moderate intensity exercise with short bursts of high intensity exertion (eg in the form of sprints) is an effective, well tolerated, novel strategy to prevent exercise-related hypoglycemia. A further promising option to stabilize blood sugar levels during and after exercise may be the ingestion of fructose in addition to glucose in form of a sport drink.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of an insulin pump controlling algorithm while the subject is under close medical supervision in the Clinical Research Center (CRC) setting.