Active clinical trials for "Bacteremia"

There is a variety of in vitro, in vivo (animal model), and human case series data which suggests that the addition of ertapenem to cefazolin could improve outcomes in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus bacteremia. No randomized controlled trial has been performed.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about the benefit of IVIG in donor-derived infections and the potential immunomodulatory effect on transplanted organs. The main questions it aims to answer are: How effective IVIG is in preventing donor-derived infections Does IVIG has potential immunomodulatory effect on transplanted organs

The goal of this prospective interventionist cohort study is to assess the prevalence of infective endocarditis in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia at low risk of this complication. The main questions it aims to answer are: Determine whether the risk of infective endocarditis in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteriemia identified as low-risk, using the VIRSTA score, is low enough to safely omit transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography. Determine whether the risk of infective endocarditis in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteriemia in patients with no identifiable risk factor is low enough to safely omit transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography. Calculate a cost-benefit estimate of omitting echocardiographic testing in patients identified as low-risk by means of the above methods. Participants will undergo mandatory transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography during the first 2 weeks from Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia onset.

Having bacteria in the blood can be very dangerous. This is called bacteraemia (or bacteremia) or bloodstream infection. It can lead to problems across the whole body, which is what happens in sepsis. Bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) cause one kind of bacteraemia. Up to a third of people with this condition die within three months, even with antibiotics. One reason for such severe problems is that the bacteria can spread almost anywhere in the body, and hide in places where they are very hard to find. When people with S. aureus bacteraemia come into hospital and have had antibiotics, doctors sometimes cannot tell if they still have an infection source (called a 'focus') hiding in their body. The focus can be like an abscess and may need removing or the pus draining out. A focus might be obvious, if there is pain or swelling, or it might be hidden and deep. If these 'foci' can be found, then doctors can treat them and this helps to cure patients. To improve survival for patients with these life-threatening infections, it is vital that doctors find the focus of S. aureus bacteraemia as quickly as possible. However, the research team do not know the best way to do this. Most patients with S. aureus bacteraemia have a chest X-ray and a scan of the heart valves. Patients may go to the scanning department lots of times while doctors try to work out where these foci are. This is uncomfortable and takes a lot of time. In about 1 in 5 cases the doctors still cannot find the focus. This is very worrying for patients, their relatives and doctors. This study has been designed by researchers, doctors and patient advocates. It aims to work out if fewer patients may die when a specific type of scan called a 'PET/CT' is done quickly, because it finds more foci. To do this the team plan to do a clinical trial in patients with S. aureus bacteraemia. Half of the patients will receive the usual tests that patients currently get and the other half will receive an extra scan as soon as possible. The patients will be chosen randomly (like the flip of a coin) to go into one of the 2 groups. A year into the trial, an independent committee will check the results to make sure the extra scan is finding more foci. If this is the case, the trial will carry on. At the end of the study, we will share the results globally. The findings are expected to change the way this dangerous condition is managed, so patients do better.

Recent international recommendations suggest the use of carbapenem rather than cefepime in this situation, but with a low level of evidence, given the few existing studies. As cefepime is a less broad-spectrum antibiotic than carbapenems, its use would limit the selection of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

The purpose of this study is to assemble a multicenter prospective cohort of patients with enterococcal bloodstream infections (BSIs) to provide data on outcomes of patients with enterococcal BSIs for sample size calculations for future trials, as well as to characterize enterococcal isolates causing BSIs in order to comprehensively dissect the molecular epidemiology of infecting organisms for future studies.

Bacteremia is a frequent infection in intensive care units. It is associated with a high mortality rate and the rapid implementation of appropriate antibiotic therapy is strongly correlated to patient clinical outcomes. Innovative technologies have emerged to shorten the turnaround time of blood culture samples by obtaining susceptibility testing of the incriminated pathogen at an early stage, and therefore to rapidly adjust the antibiotic therapy of patients with Gram-negative Bacilli bacteremia. The study investigators hypothesize that the implementation of the innovative BacT/Alert® VIRTUO®, BioFire® BCID2 and REVEAL® solutions for the analysis of blood culture samples will increase the proportion of patients with Gram-negative Bacilli bacteremia who receive appropriate and optimized antibiotic therapy 24 hours after blood culture collection.

Blood culture samples from bacteremia patients positive for Gram-negative bacteria will be tested for antibacterial susceptibility using Resistell Phenotech device. The results will be compared with current AST gold standard tests to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Resistell Phenotech device.

The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the Resistell Phenotech device in testing antibiotic susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria (i.e., E. coli or K. pneumoniae) to clinically relevant antibiotics. The study is designed as a prospective, non-interventional, multi-center, single-arm study. The blood culture samples from bacteremia patients that are positive for E. coli or K. pneumoniae will be tested with the Resistell Phenotech device after strain identification by MALDI-TOF. The results of the Resistell AST will be compared with the results from the disk diffusion tests (all sites use the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test), and site dependent tests (VITEK® 2, BD Phoenix™, MicroScan WalkAway system, and/or EUCAST RAST), which are currently the standard AST methods in the microbiology laboratories at the participating sites.

Infection with bacteria and other germs in the blood can be deadly. How long germs stay in the blood is important for two reasons. The first is that if they stay in the blood for many days it is a sign that antibiotics may need to be changed. The second is that if they stay in the blood for only a short time it may give doctors confidence to switch to tablets and consider early discharge from hospital. This study is evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic performance of two novel technologies when used to measure the duration of the bloodstream infection.