Active clinical trials for "Bacterial Infections"

Periprosthetic infection following shoulder arthroplasty is a devastating complication. Diagnosing and treating periprosthetic shoulder infection poses a significant challenge. At the forefront of this issue is Cutibacterium acnes because the current prophylactic regimens are insufficient to eradicate C acnes from the surgical field. It is believed that C acnes infections occur during surgery when the sebaceous glands in the skin are cut and exposed, leading to C acnes contaminating the surgeon's instruments and gloves and, thus, the surgical wound. The purpose of this study is to examine if making skin incisions using electrocautery will result in decreased C acnes contamination during shoulder arthroplasty. To this end, we propose a randomized clinical trial where patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty are randomized into two groups - Electrocautery incision group (Electro) vs. Scalpel incision group (Scalpel) - and swab cultures are obtained from the skin incision and operating surgeon's gloves and forceps

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a biological vaccine (MV140) in women with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (RUTI) compared with a placebo group.

Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) are catheters that are placed mainly in the arms, but which pass in the veins to beside the heart. They are associated with occasional complications due to infection or blockage of the vein that they are in. The investigators want to investigate whether PICCs in the right arm have lower complications than those in the left. This difference in complication rates has been noticed in most other forms of central venous access.

The study compared the magnitude of the antibody response and safety of a GBS Trivalent Vaccine in HIV positive and HIV negative pregnant women and their offspring. In addition the study investigated the maternal to fetal transfer of antibodies induced by the investigational vaccine.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of 4 different formulations of the HR5I vaccine (Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate, recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen, diphtheria, tetanus, 5-component acellular pertussis, and inactivated poliovirus Types 1, 2, and 3). The primary hypothesis is that at least 1 of the 4 formulations of HR5I administered as a primary series at 2, 3, and 4 months of age will be acceptable (similar to targeted rates) with respect to Postdose 3 antibody responses to all antigens.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate if type of nail polish (gel polish or regular polish) has an effect on the number of bacterial colonies on finger nails after surgical scrubbing. Participants: The potential participants are healthcare providers with patient interaction. Exclusion criteria include evidence of active dermatitis or other skin abnormalities, or allergy to chlorhexidine. Intervention: Participants will have gel nail polish applied to one finger of their dominant hand, and regular polish applied to another finger of their dominant hand. Bacterial swabs will be collected from these two fingers, as well as the from the adjacent finger with no nail polish. Specimen collection will occur both before and after scrubbing with surgical soap. Bacterial counts will be compared between the three groups to determine the association between the presence of nail polish and nail polish type on bacterial counts after surgical scrubbing. Specimen collection will not take place during scrubbing for actual patient care.

Colistin was developed in the 1960s and preliminary pharmacokinetic studies were performed at that time. Dosing recommendations, on the basis of these pharmacokinetic studies, are listed in the drug's product information. However, there are no optimal dosing recommendations for patients with acute kidney injury who receive sustained low-efficiency dialysis. Furthermore, the science of antibiotic dosing ("pharmacodynamics") has changed significantly since the 1960s and it is quite possible that the dosing recommendations listed in the product information are not optimal. Furthermore, even though physicians refer to "colistin" administration, the only intravenous form of the drug is colistin methanesulfonate (CMS). CMS is converted in the body to colistin. Both CMS and colistin have different pharmacokinetic and antimicrobial activities. For this reason, we, the investigators at the Mahidol university, are performing a pharmacokinetic study of the intravenous CMS/colistin in patients requiring sustained low-efficiency dialysis. Plasma concentrations will be determined around a CMS/colistin dose once the drug has reached steady state. Microbiologic and clinical endpoints will be determined and will be correlated with these concentrations. The measurement of CMS and colistin levels will be determined by a laboratory in Australia.

This study is a first-in-human (Phase 1) study using three dose levels of an investigational vaccine directed against Staphylococcus aureus (SA3Ag). This study is primarily designed to assess how safe and well tolerated SA3Ag is, but will also describe the immune response over 12 months elicited by SA3Ag. Additionally, this study will assess the effect of SA3Ag vaccine on the number of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that naturally occur on the skin and within the nose and throat.

1) To compare in a setting where microscopy for malaria is available whether introducing rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) improves targetting of antimalarial drugs and antibiotics (RDT v microscopy). 2) To compare whether, in a setting where microscopy for malaria is not available, introducing rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) improves targetting of antimalarial drugs and antibiotics (RDT v clinical diagnosis).

The safety and tolerability of hLF 1-11 has to be established first in HSCT recipients who are at risk of developing, but have not yet developed, infectious complications due to invasive fungal disease. These patients are different from healthy volunteers because they have received myeloablative treatment which not only arrests haematopoiesis resulting in neutropenia but also induces mucosal barrier injury both of which predispose to infections which typically occur during the week after transplant. It is therefore essential to know that hLF 1-11 is when given during neutropenia and mucosal barrier injury before infections ensue