Active clinical trials for "Body Weight"

The investigators will study the influence of fat cell size/number and adipose function on weight development over very long time periods (years). By comparing fat biopsies obtained at baseline and after >7 years, the investigators will determine the association between adipose morphology/function and changes in weight or development of cardiometabolic complications (e.g. insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension).

Background: Recent evidence from several countries has emerged suggesting that the increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity has slowed down substantially, or even leveled off. Also in Switzerland this trend has been observed. In 2002, 20.3% and 19.1% of boys and girls, respectively, were overweight or obese in Switzerland. In 2007, the prevalence of overweight was significantly lower, with 11.3% and 9.9% of school-aged boys and girls, respectively, being overweight or obese. Further trend analyses are necessary to confirm that the stabilizing trend observed reflects a long-term change in the rates of childhood overweight and obesity. Objective and Methods: The aim of the present study is to repeat the 2002 and 2007 national studies, in order to monitor the trend in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 6-12 year old children in Switzerland during this 5 respectively 10 year time period. Height and weight will be measured and used to calculate body mass index (BMI). BMI references form the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will be used to determine the prevalence of underweight (< 5th percentile), overweight (≥ 85th and < 95th percentile) and obesity (≥ 95th percentile). Waist and hip circumference will be measured. Moreover, skinfold thicknesses and bioelectrical impedance analysis will be performed to calculate body fat percentage.

The aim of this project is to improve the evidence-base regarding lifestyle and mental health symptoms among fitness instructors. A national cohort of fitness instructors will be invited to participate in this study by responding to an online questionnaire. The questionnaire will consist of items regarding exercise, nutrition, eating disorders, the menstrual cycle, depression, anxiety, body dissatisfaction and satisfaction, drive for muscularity and leanness, and experiences of sexual harassment. Findings from this study will provide an evidence-base for initiatives to improve/optimize mental health among fitness instructors, and also in the process of developing fitness centres to a core partner in public health and health promotion work.

Dietary choices are influenced by several factors, including physiological, social or genetic factors. Among these, flavor is the most important determinant modulating the preferences versus specific foods. Flavor perception is the result from the sensory integration of taste and odor properties of food. Aim of the present study was to assess flavor abilities in a large population using a validated perceptive test.

Evaluate the concentration of IL-6 in the synovial fluid of obese patients suffering from gonarthrosis during knee arthroplasty surgery

There is objective need to examine nutritional status (i.e., body mass index (BMI), body composition and dietary intake) of healthy adult Slovenes after SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) epidemic period. In the Slovenian (pair of European Union) adult population (with only 2 million inhabitants), we do not yet have representative data on the body composition of adult Slovenes published in the scientific literature. In the study after the Covid-19 pandemic period (4th wave) the investigators will use medically approved body analyzer (Tanita 780 S MA, Tokyo, Japan) and standardized food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In addition, the investigators will measured body height of the participants with a portable altimeter (ADE MZ10042, Germany). The research will include randomly recruited adults (participants) who will attend various free or/and paid publicly available seminars, congresses and fairs in Slovenia, directly unrelated topics to physical activity or healthy eating (i.e., healthy and active lifestyle) thus obtaining a more realistic current population status.

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the percentage of calories from dairy intake and long-term glycemic control and weight maintenance in patients with type 2 diabetes who participate in an intensive lifestyle intervention program. The investigators hypothesize that overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes who consume higher percentage of calories from dairy products during intensive lifestyle intervention programs have better glycemic control and maintenance of weight loss as compared to those who consume lower percentage of calories from dairy products.

This trial is a collaborative study between 4 sites worldwide. A total of 600 research subjects will be enrolled. We will investigate the validity of using 5D Limb Volume software to improve on estimated fetal weight predictions over a broad range of gestational ages. The purpose is to compare the accuracy and precision of birth weight predictions based on this new technology as compared to the current 2D birth weight prediction models.

Low birth weight (LBW) status (< 10% for gestational age at birth) is associated with increased risk for diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary artery disease in adults, and represents one example of the "fetal onset of adult disease" hypothesis. Recent data strongly associates LBW status with impaired innate and adaptive immunity leading to increased risk for severe infections during adolescence or early adulthood. Animal studies suggest that the ratio of certain B lymphocyte subpopulations, the B1a and B1b cells, determines whether deficits in immunity occur. This study will determine the ratio of B1b to B1a lymphocyte subpopulations in the cord blood of infants born LBW in the late preterm to term gestations (> 34 weeks at birth) and compare those ratios with those of normal birth weight (NBW) controls in a nested case control study design. Furthermore, animal studies suggest that the expression patterns of CD5 and CD19 proteins determines the cellular phenotype of the B lymphocyte, that of a B1a or a B1b cell, and that the regulatory regions controlling their expression are epigenetically vulnerable. The investigators will therefore isolate DNA and RNA from both B lymphocyte subpopulations and determine whether epigenetic changes to the regulatory regions of the genes coding for CD5 and CD19 protein expression occur in LBW lymphocyte subpopulations as compared to the lymphocytes from NBW infants. This proposal will be the first human study to examine epigenetic determination of a maladaptive phenotype following LBW status at birth in a specific cell type leading to a specific impairment of innate and adaptive immunity.

This study will be a cross-sectional study. The primary aim of this study is to compare the relationship between neurological function, metabolic measures and health-related behaviors between normal weight and overweight/obese perimenopausal women.