Active clinical trials for "Body Weight"

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been linked to rising rates of overweight and obesity. The most prominent mechanism to explain the link between SSBs and obesity is that liquid calories are not perceived by the body; thereby, promoting less satiety, less energy compensation and more weight gain than does the same energy consumed in solid form. This view is supported by pooled analyses of acute preload trials that have primarily measured food intake as the outcome. Though failure of short-term compensation has been observed with liquid calories, results from these acute preload trials should not be extrapolated to infer that liquid energy sources lead to weight gain over the long-term. To date, it is unclear whether liquid calories have differential effects than solid calories on body weight gain over the longer term. To increase clarity in this issue, the investigators propose to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis from long-term controlled feeding trials to distinguish the contribution of liquid calories from solid calories on body weight over the long-term. The findings generated by this analysis will improve the health of consumers through informing evidence-based guidelines and improving health outcomes by educating healthcare providers and patients, stimulating industry innovation, and guiding future research design.

The size selection of Laryngeal Mask Airway classic is usually followed the manufacturer's recommendation based on the patient's ideal weight. But sometimes the patient is tall and slim, the actual weight is much less than the ideal weight. This phenomenon might affect the success rate of insertion. Previous studies had demonstrated that the selection of Laryngeal Mask Airway size based on ideal weight could improve the success rate of insertion; therefore, this study was designed to prove whether this conclusion also applies to the tall and thin patients.

The purpose of this study is to find determinants of insulin-induced weight gain in type 2 diabetes mellitus Primary objective: To find an association between weight gain after start of insulin therapy and physical activity levels.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate of body mass index and eating behaviour changes in female patients with fibromyalgia under medical treatment.

The aim of this study is to compare the BW and metabolic profiles of CHB patient before and after shifting to TAF therapy. In this study, investigators will enroll 100 entecavir and 100 TDF treated CHB patients who will switch to TAF and then follow for one year. Demographic, liver function tests, sugar profiles, lipid profiles, ASCVD risk score, body weight, body weight, body height, and waist circumference will be checked and recorded periodically. Investigators anticipated that body weight will change significantly after switching to TAF in both entecavir and TDF group and may associated with increased risk of cardiovascular risk.

Clozapine is prescribed to patients with psychosis in whom other treatments have not worked. Research has shown, however, that clozapine may be associated with weight gain and abnormal blood sugar levels in some patients. There is strong evidence to suggest that genetic variation between individuals plays an important role in the development of these side effects in response to the medication. Our research aims to evaluate the effects of two genes and the blood level of clozapine on side-effects such as weight changes and blood sugar levels in patients receiving clozapine treatment. From out-patient clinics in Cwm Taf UHB, the investigators aim to recruit 160 patients who are taking clozapine; collect information/ measurements from recruits relating to size/ weight/ BMI, risk of diabetes and blood samples to measure markers of blood sugar, fat/lipids, clozapine and its breakdown products, blood cells and variants of two specific genes. From this information the investigators will be particularly interested to understand if there is any association between the variation in these two genes with weight gain or changes in blood sugar, in patients taking clozapine.

The Nordic Diet is a dietary pattern rich in traditional Nordic foods, including berries, grains, and fatty fish common in northern Europe. Studies have shown a protective effect of the Nordic Diet on cardiometabolic risk factors, however only select clinical practice guidelines for the management of diabetes (i.e. Diabetes Canada) recommend this dietary pattern. To support the update of the EASD clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy, the investigators propose to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and clinical trials to investigate the association between the Nordic Diet, cardiometabolic outcomes and cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. The findings generated by this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of consumers through informing evidence-based guidelines and improving health outcomes by educating healthcare providers and patients, stimulating industry innovation, and guiding future research design.

Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) have Significant effects on the risk of pregnancy outcomes such as gestational hypertension disease and gestational diabetes mellitus in singleton pregnancies. This paper is to investigate the relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and weight gain during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in women with twin pregnancy.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and its definite diagnose is still challenge for radiologist. This study is going to evaluate multi-b value diffusion weighted imaging in discrimination of breast benign and malignant lesions and explore the diagnostic effect of the combination of multi-parameter. At the same time, pathological specimens of patients will be collected. The relationship between magnetic resonance(MR) parameters and pathology biomarkers will be evaluated. Hope multi-b value diffusion weighted imaging can improve diagnosis for breast lesion and provide the basis for clinical treatment. The fundamental of pathology on MR signal change will be further expounded.

Esophageal carcinoma is a lethal disease, causing more than 400,000 deaths annually worldwide. Primary surgery results in microscopically positive resection margins (R1) in 25% patients, and the 5-year overall survival(OS) for such patients rarely exceeds 40%. Concurrent chemoradiation followed by surgery results in better survival than single-modality treatments, and thus National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN) recommends concurrent chemoradiation as preoperative or definitive treatment for patients with stage II or III esophageal cancer. However, neoadjuvant chemoradiation may not be effective in some subgroup of these patients, and its toxicity can increase perioperative mortality and delay or preclude surgery. The ability to distinguish tumors that will respond or not respond to such therapy remains an urgent priority. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(DW-MRI) is based on the extent of mobility of water protons, as quantified by the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). The ADC is a measure of the extent of free diffusion of water molecules within tissues, which is mainly influenced by cell organization, size, and density. Cell death leads to a loss of cell membrane integrity and density and leads to increases in ADC values. The ADC has emerged as a potential biomarker of response to cancer therapy. However, no one has published findings regarding the potential correlation between changes in ADC and response of esophageal cancer to chemoradiation. Clarifying the potential predictive value of DW-MRI for predicting response to such therapy is important for the delivery of appropriately tailored treatment. Investigators hypothesized that DW-MRI can predict the success (or failure) of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma（ESCC）, hence identify patients at high risk of treatment failure from such therapy. Investigators will test this hypothesis with two specific aims: (1) assess the ability of ADC to predict pathologic response to treatment; and (2) assess the ability of ADC to predict disease-free survival and overall survival.