Active clinical trials for "Bone Diseases"

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that causes inflammation of the intestinal tract. Common types of IBD include Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and indeterminate colitis. Infliximab (Remicade®) is a biologic medication that is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of IBD. Previous research with infliximab has shown it to be an effective treatment for pediatric IBD, however, it can become less effective if the level of the medication in the body is not high enough or if a patient develops antibodies (proteins made by the immune system that attack foreign substances in the body) to the medication. Currently, if a patient with IBD is taking infliximab and develops either abnormal lab values or reports a worsening of symptoms the doctors will measure the level of infliximab in the blood as well as any infliximab antibodies to determine if dosing changes, to either the dose of the medication or the frequency of dosing, are needed. This process is called reactive drug monitoring. The purpose of this research study is to find out if proactive drug monitoring in patients being treated with infliximab for IBD works better for controlling IBD. Proactive drug monitoring is measuring the level of infliximab in the blood as well as infliximab antibodies on a regular basis, before symptoms worsen or lab results come back abnormal, to see if dosing changes can be made that may prevent the worsening of IBD.

Lymphatic anomalies are a rare subset of vascular anomalies that are poorly understood. the understanding of the natural history, long-term outcomes, risk factors for morbidity and mortality, and the relative benefit of medical therapies and procedures is limited.The goal of this project is to better understand these diseases and improve the care of theses rare patients. To do this, the investigators are conducting an observational study of patients with lymphatic anomalies, including an annual follow-up questionnaire to gather prospective data on mortality, morbidity, treatments, and functionality as well as quality of life.

This preclinical randomized crossover study will examine the effects of oral versus non-oral contraceptive therapy on bone turnover in young exercising women. In an effort to expose the route-dependent effects of oral versus non-oral contraceptive therapy on bone turnover, the investigators will examine 1) the effects of ethinyl estradiol on bone calcium balance using the 41Ca technology and 2) the underlying physiological mechanisms associated with the effects of oral versus non-oral contraceptive therapy on net bone calcium balance.

The overriding objectives of this study are: Primary outcomes: To confirm that administration of oral acetate increases the proportion of A. muciniphilia in the stool samples of patients with metastatic, castration-sensitive prostate cancer compared to placebo. To confirm tolerability and assess for side effects of delayed oral acetate supplementation. Secondary outcomes: To determine if increased counts of A. muciniphilia correlate with improved metabolic parameters and improved bone health.

The new image reconstruction algorithm (Precise Image, Philips Healthcare) has a strong potential to maintain sufficient image quality suitable for diagnosis with ultra-low dose (ULD) chest and abdomen-pelvis scans. The hypothesis is that the images obtained with the Precise Image algorithm for ULD acquisitions are of sufficient and suitable quality for the diagnosis of certain lung, abdominal-pelvic and bone lesions.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide with approximately 10 million cases globally and 1.2 million deaths. Sub-Saharan Africa carries the highest burden of TB. South Africa has one of the highest HIV and TB rates worldwide with an HIV prevalence rate in adults of 19% and a TB case notification rate of 615/100,000 in 2019. Over many years, focus has been paid to pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) has received only little attention even though it accounts for almost a quatre of all TB cases. The diagnosis of EPTB remains challenging simply because sample collection requires invasive procedures in the absence of a blood-based diagnostic test. Spinal TB (spondylitis or spondylodiscitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis) - often known as Pott's disease - accounts for up to 10% of EPTB and affects young children, people with HIV-coinfection and elderly, and often leads to lifelong debilitating disease due to devastating deformation of the spine and compression of neural structures. Little is known with regards to the extent of disease and isolated TB spine as well as a disseminated form of TB spine have been described. The latter presents with a spinal manifestation plus disseminations to other organs such as the lungs, pleura, lymph nodes, the GIT or urinary tract or even the brain. In the Spinal TB X cohort, the investigators aim to describe the clinical phenotype of spinal TB using whole body PET/CT and identify a specific gene expression profile for the different stages of dissemination and compare findings to previously described signatures for latent and active pulmonary TB. A blood-based test for spinal TB would lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment in all settings globally and improve treatment outcome of this devastating disease.

Background: Parathyroid disorders are very common in the general population and include disorders of parathyroid excess, deficiency, or defects in parathyroid hormone (PTH) signaling. PTH, the main secretory product of parathyroid glands is responsible for regulation of calcium-phosphate homeostasis. Objective: i) To investigate the cause of parathyroid disorders ii) To describe evolution, natural history, and longitudinal trends of parathyroid and related disorders seen in syndromic presentations like multiple endocrine neoplasia, hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome Eligibility: People ages 6 months older who have, are at risk of having, or are related to a person with a parathyroid or related disorder. Design: Participants will be screened with a review of their medical records. Participants will be seen, tested, and treated by doctors based on their condition. Their visits may be in person or via telehealth. Participants will complete questionnaires. They will answer questions about their physical, mental, and social health. Participants may give samples such as saliva, blood, urine, or stool. Participants may give cheek cell samples. They will do this using a cheek swab or by spitting into a cup. Adult participants may give a skin biopsy. For this, a small bit of skin is removed with a punch tool. Participants may have medical photos taken. If participants have surgery during the course of their regular care either at the NIH or at a different hospital or doctor s office, researchers will ask for some of the leftover tissue. Participants will be in the study as long as they are being seen by their doctor.

The primary objectives of this study are to: (1) determine the impact of glomerular disease on bone strength and (2) investigate the pathophysiologic underpinnings of impaired bone strength in glomerular disease.

The investigators are researching families with inherited inclusion body myopathy (IBM) and/or Paget disease of bone (PDB) and/or dementia (FTD) which is also called IBMPFD. IBMPFD is caused by mutations in the VCP gene. Our main goal is to understand how changes in the VCP gene cause the muscle, bone and cognitive problems associated with the disease. The investigators are collecting biological specimen such as blood and urine samples, family and medical histories, questionnaire data of patients with a personal or family history of VCP associated disease. Participants do not need to have all symptoms listed above in order to qualify. A select group of participants may be invited to travel to University of California, Irvine for a two day program of local procedures such as an MRI and bone scan. Samples are coded to maintain confidentiality. Travel is not necessary except for families invited for additional testing.

Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased cortical bone porosity and increased fracture risk. The goal of this proposed study is to understand the longitudinal evolution of cortical bone porosity and to investigate the underlying biological processes that drive increased cortical porosity and fracture risk in the setting of diabetes. The investigators will apply novel techniques for in vivo imaging of cortical pores to patients with type 2 diabetes and controls in a longitudinal prospective study. This work will establish the longitudinal progression of cortical porosity and determine whether pore content can serve as a predictor of future cortical degradation and bone fragility.