Active clinical trials for "Brain Neoplasms"

After stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of brain metastases, patients undergo a standard brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess treatment response 12 weeks after completion of treatment. The interpretation of this standard MRI can sometimes be challenging as it can be difficult to differentiate tumour getting bigger/returning (progression/recurrence) from expected radiotherapy treatment-related changes known as radionecrosis. This study is a pilot brain imaging study that is investigating if readily available forms of imaging such as contrast-clearance analysis MRI (also known as TRAMs) and/or 18 Fluoromethyl-choline positron emission tomography/computerised tomography (18F-choline PET/CT) are equivalent to multi-parametric MRI in their ability to differentiate tumour from radionecrosis. Multi-parametric MRI has the most evidence for its ability to discriminate tumour from radionecrosis but is resource intensive and not routinely available in most centres.

The purpose of this study is to culture primary human brain tumor cells with the specific aims of: Develop primary cultures from human brain tumor surgical specimens Determine the genetic and molecular fingerprints of brain tumors that may have prognostic significance Delineate the mechanisms underlying oncogenesis of brain tumors. Perform in vitro assays with brain tumor derived primary cultures to assess the efficacy of novel therapeutic agents.

The objectives of the study is to determine if either temozolomide or erlotinib combined with WBRT and SRS improves survival as compared to WBRT and SRS alone.Ptients with histologically confirmed NSCLC with the presence of 1-3 intraparenchymal brain metastases will be randomized to 3 arms. All of the patients will receive WBRT and SRS. The patients of the arm 1 will receive radiation treatment only, the arm 2 patients will be treated with temozolomide and arm 3 patients will receive erlotinib

Posterior fossa tumours (PFT) account for 2/3 of childhood brain cancers. They can be highly malignant requiring combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy post-surgery for a >50% chance of cure. PFT frequently involve the cerebellum which is responsible for coordinating movement, balance, emotional control, and links closely to control of affect and executive function. PFT survivors show highly variable profiles for cognitive and sensorimotor functioning which are influenced strongly by the severity of the pre-diagnostic or post-surgical brain injury State-of-the-art magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans can allow to measure a variety of different biological processes in the brain, and the investigators believe that some of these MRI measures (called MRI biomarkers) have the potential to improve our ability to understand and monitor consequences of the ablative brain surgery and complex mechanisms of motor skills recovery. Biomarkers are very important for the development of intervention because 1) they help understand the recuperation process and 2) they allow to effectively assess whether or not a treatment or intervention works. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a powerful non-invasive neuro-modulatory intervention that has the potential to evaluate the integrity of the nervous tracts from the brain to the hand. It is a procedure that applies magnetic pulses on the surface of the scalp to reach underlying brain tissue. TMS has built a reputable status among neuro-rehabilitative research, and there is currently a major effort to translate the positive research findings into clinically useful therapeutic strategies. This study is therefore an important first step towards understanding how potential MRI biomarkers and responses to TMS relate to motor symptoms in PFT young survivors. Once completed, this study will allow the investigators to select the most promising MRI biomarkers and TMS protocols to take forward into future treatment trials. The investigators aim to stimulate the recovery of coordination skills, help the development of targeted therapies, and consequently improve long-term quality of life in children and young people with history of brain tumour. The proposed research intends to prove the feasibility of such brain stimulation and imaging and collect some preliminary measures

Skull base tumors are a type of tumor that grow in the area of several skulls behind the cranial cavity. The incidence rate is 2 to 18 per 100,000 people per year; males and females are likely to have a proportional difference in the types of skull base tumors. Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors are the most common neoplasms in the posterior skull base,accounting for 5-10% of skull base tumors.Some different kinds of tumors can grow in cerebellopontine angle. The tumors are more likely to cause some symptoms when they grow large enough to put pressure on the brain. A common traditional treatment for skull base tumors is neurosurgery-craniotomy. However, after the operation, brain may be injured with hematoma, and the instruments used are in contact with the brain. It is still inevitable that there will have complications of minor and major nerve damages, such as facial paralysis,trigeminal neuralgia, tinnitus, sports disorders (ataxia) and so on. Acupuncture has a unique effect on the treatment of the human nervous system. Aim of the study is used acupuncture to improve the complications of the surgery of Cerebellopontine angle tumors in skull base.

This study aimed to detect cell free DNA (cfDNA) in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma, and to determine whether cfDNA can be used for concomitant diagnosis to improve the treatment efficacy and prognosis of patients with brain (meningeal) metastasis by monitoring tumor-related genetic mutations in cfDNA in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.

The process of developing Gamma Knife radiosurgery treatment plans is today very dependent on the level of human expertise resulting in a great heterogeneity of the intrinsic qualities of the treatment planning and the quality of care delivered in radiosurgery. The existing reverse planning systems, although they have progressed considerably in recent years, produce results that are still lower than those achieved by an expert. Conventionally, an experienced dosimetric planner will act mainly on the coordinates of the position of the isocenters, on the size of the collimators, sector by sector, and on the irradiation time of each isocenters. In theory, the combination of these variables provides access to billions of combinatorics whose diversity far exceeds the computational capabilities of the human mind. The dosimetric planner therefore uses a very small part of the spectrum of possible patterns by always reproducing a limited number of empirical solutions. The company Intuitive Therapeutics has developed a new mathematical algorithm which can automatically test in a very short time all the combinatorial possibilities and converge very quickly to the solution that best meets the clinical, anatomical and dosimetric objectives defined by the neurosurgeon. The quick processing of the system also allows the operator to modify the constraints to refine the proposed result in real time. The demonstration of the reality of the performances of this algorithm would give the ability to even inexperienced users to develop high performance planning for the benefit of the patient in terms of optimizing the efficacy / toxicity ratio of the radiosurgery treatment results The primary objective is to evaluate comparatively the quality of the schedules produced by the algorithm developed by the company Innovative Therapeutics to those produced by an expert who carried out more than 15000 dosimetric plannings and radiosurgical interventions. The main criterion of comparison is the Paddick index. The secondary criteria for comparison are: Compliance index selectivity index Gradient index Maximum, minimum, average dose at risk structures Dose distribution in the target volume Treatment time (at equal source activity) Time of realization of the planning It was chosen to treat patients with vestibular Schwannoma OR multiple brain metastases (> 5) treated in single session by Gamma Knife OR para-optic meningioma in hypo-fractionated treatment on Gamma Knife with restraint mask with inclusion of visual paths in the target volume planning. The aim of the study is to show at least the non-inferiority of this new method compared to the expert user based on the Paddick Index. This index has continuous values between 0 and 1, 0 being the worst case and 1 being the ideal solution. In order to define the sample size needed for each pathology, a pilot phase is required. This phase can be performed retrospectively using treatments already defined by the expert user. This pilot phase will allow us to identify the difference that can be expected between the index values and the variability of this difference. Based on these values we will be able to determine the size of the sample allowing us to statistically test the non-inferiority, or even the superiority of this new device. The number of cases to be included during the pilot phase should be at least ten cases and a maximum of thirty cases. The choice of the number of cases to be integrated during this pilot phase will depend on the homogeneity of the differences obtained on the first cases. These values will allow us to calculate the size of the samples necessary for the study of non-inferiority as well as for the study of superiority. Depending on the calculated sizes samples we will make a choice to ensure that this study takes place in the expected duration.

• Give an effective treatment for CPA-petroclival meningiomas and can detect the best approach for these tumors. . Improve the outcome of these patients and decease rate of recurrence.

Radiosurgery is precisely delivered high dose radiation. It can be performed using multiple cobalt sources, a modified traditional gantry-based linear accelerator or a robotic linear accelerator. The treatment of brain metastases represents the most common indication for radiosurgery while new indications for this technology are continually being discovered. With the increasing importance of radiosurgery and the resource implications for radiotherapy programs the investigators have proposed the first direct technological comparison of robotic to linear accelerator radiosurgery for brain metastases.

a. VEGFRs may be the biomarker which can predict the effect of bevacizumab in non small cell lung cancer