Active clinical trials for "Encephalitis"

This randomised, double-blind study is to be conducted on 96 subjects at multiple sites in India. Subjects will be enrolled by age group and randomised to either ChimeriVax™-JE (JE-CV) or JE Mouse Brain Derived Vaccine (JE-MBDV). Study consists of a screening period, a treatment period and a 2 year follow-up period. Primary safety endpoints will be the adverse event (AE) rates 28 days after completion of vaccination course. The primary efficacy endpoints will be the rate of seroconversion 28 days after completing vaccination.

To facilitate introduction of live attenuated SA 14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine (LJEV) into the National Immunization Programme of Sri Lanka, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of co-administration of LJEV and measles vaccine in children at 2 and 5 years of age. The primary hypothesis was that the seropositivity rate at 28 days post vaccination of SA 14-14-2 in subjects 2 and 5 years of age who have already received at least two doses of mouse brain-derived inactivated JE vaccine is greater than 80%. Japanese encephalitis virus is the leading cause of viral neurological disease and disability in Asia. The severity of sequelae, together with the volume of cases, make JE the most important cause of viral encephalitis in the world. Approximately 3 billion people-including 700 million children-live in areas at risk in Asia for JE. JE most commonly infects children between the ages of 1 and 15 years, and can also infect adults in areas where the virus is newly introduced. More than 50,000 cases are reported annually and cause an estimated 10,000 to 15,000 deaths. This figure is believed to represent only a small proportion of the disease burden that actually exists.

Patients undergoing allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (HSCT) experience a prolonged period of dysfunctional immunity. Systematic reimmunization is necessary at appropriate time intervals following transplantation to re-establish immunity. Vaccination practices after HSCT remain varied and data sparse. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is one of the most severe infections of the central nervous system caused by a tick-borne flavivirus. There is no specific treatment, and prevention with the vaccine is the only intervention available. To assess the efficacy of TBE vaccination in adult allogeneic HSCT recipients compared to an age-matched and sex-matched control group of healthy volunteers without previous TBE vaccination, a prospective open-label phase II pilot study on humoral and cellular immune responses after use of TBE vaccine (FSME Immun) will be performed. As primary end point the outcome of the neutralization test (NT) against TBE will be assessed in a total of 26 HSCT patients one year after HSCT and in 26 healthy volunteers, namely four weeks after the second vaccination. Therefore, the number of subjects with NT titres against TBE virus >10, assumed to be the threshold for antibody-mediated protection will be evaluated. As secondary endpoints, antibody concentrations of TBE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and four weeks after the second and third vaccination and antibody concentrations of NT against TBE four weeks after primary immunization. To evaluate cellular immune responses, lymphocyte proliferations assays and cytokine detection assays will be performed. In a subgroup analysis, these secondary endpoints will be compared between healthy volunteers, HSCT patients without immunosuppressive treatment and HSCT patients receiving immunosuppressive agents. Additionally, immune reconstitution by analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and serum immunoglobulin levels will be evaluated prior to vaccination, after twelve weeks and prior to the third vaccination in HSCT patients only.

The purpose of this study is to determine non-inferiority in seroconversion and to compare the safety and tolerability between ChimeriVax™-JE and JE-VAX® to the respective homologous virus strain and several wild types strains after completion of vaccination course.

This study will determine whether it is safe and effective to administer Japanese encephalitis (JE) live attenuated SA 14-14-2 vaccine at the same time as measles vaccine. If it is found to be safe, it will pave the way for use in routine vaccination programs. The hypothesis is that children who receive JE live attenuated SA 14-14-2 vaccine and measles vaccine at the same time are protected against these diseases at the same level as those who receive the vaccines at different intervals.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of three different concentrations of a TBE vaccine in healthy children aged 1 to 6 years.

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of a novel mRNA diagnostic/prognostic classifier (interprets the expression of 29 host response mRNA biomarkers) from whole blood in adult patients presenting to emergency departments (ED) with suspected infection.

Emergence of Covid-19 virus is associated with high frequency of extremely severe clinical pictures, with minor signs of CNS impairment (e.g. anosmia, headache). Since neurotropism is a common feature of coronavirus infection in animals, the investigators examine if indirect signs of CNS lesion are observed in association with severe Covid-19 infection.

The DREAMM project is investigating whether the DREAMM interventions (1) Health system strengthening, 2) Co-designed education programs tailored to frontline healthcare workers, 3) Implementation of a diagnostic and treatment algorithm and, 4) Communities of practice in infectious diseases and laboratory capacity building) when combined reduce two week all-cause mortality of HIV-associated meningo-encephalitis in African LMICs.

DESIGN: exploratory, prospective, natural history, imaging cohort study BACKGROUND: Stroke causes a strong inflammatory response in the brain which is thought to contribute to permanent brain damage in stroke patients. To develop new therapies targeting inflammation we need to better understand how inflammation affects the injured brain tissue and how it relates to neurological deficits that directly affect the patients' quality of life. AIMS: To track the extent and location of inflammation in the brain after stroke over a period of 90 days. The study will explore whether the most inflamed areas in the brain undergo the most damage after stroke and correspond to the cognitive and neurological deficits experienced by stroke patients. METHODS: The study involves an initial screening visit and 2 study imaging visits at days 15 and 90 after the stroke episode. Patients will undergo: Two 90-minute brain imaging sessions using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) (involves injection of safe radiotracers which attach to brain immune cell markers TSPOs and light up the inflamed areas in the brain), Two 45-90 minute Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanning sessions (include administration of safe chemical contrast agent Gadolinium), Physical and neurological examinations (vital signs, assessments of mobility and cognitive functioning), Blood testing (routine measurements, blood inflammation markers, and genetic testing for TSPO marker). Venous cannula will be inserted into the forearm for the duration of the scans. POPULATION: 15- 25 patients (recruitment will cease once 15 patients have completed the study) ELIGIBILITY: Male and female stroke patients, aged 18-85, with a recent (within last 10 days) ischemic stroke of moderate severity, able and willing to provide informed consent LOCATION: Patients will be recruited at the Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, and study scans will be performed by Invicro Centre for Imaging Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital DURATION: 18 months FUNDED BY: Biogen Idec Ltd