Active clinical trials for "Brain Neoplasms"

Background: - The Children s Oncology Group has established a research network, the Childhood Cancer Research Network (CCRN), to collect information about children with cancer and other conditions that are benign but involve abnormal cell growth in order to help doctors and scientists better understand childhood cancer. The CCRN's goal is to collect clinical information about every child diagnosed with cancer and similar conditions in the United States and Canada, to allow researchers to study patterns, characteristics, and causes of childhood cancer. The information can also help researchers study the causes of childhood cancer. To expand the CCRN, parents of children who have been diagnosed with cancer will be asked to provide information about themselves and their child for research purposes. Objectives: To obtain informed consent from parents (and the child, when appropriate) of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults newly diagnosed with cancer to enter their names and certain information concerning their child into the Childhood Cancer Research Network. To obtain informed consent from parents (and the child, when appropriate) of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults newly diagnosed with cancer for permission to be contacted in the future to consider participating in non-therapeutic and prevention research studies involving the parents and/or the child. Eligibility: - Parents of children who have been seen at or treated by a hospital that is a member of the Children s Oncology Group. Design: Parents will provide permission to have personal information sent from their child s hospital to the CCRN, including the child and parents' names; child's gender, birth date, race, and ethnicity; information about the disease; and the treating institution. Parents will also give permission for CCRN to contact the diagnostic laboratory to obtain specific information about the tumor or cancer cells. Parents will be asked if they are willing to be contacted in the future to consider participating in CCRN research studies, and will provide contact information (name, home address, and telephone number) to be entered in the CCRN. Parents or patients who change their minds about having information available in the CCRN can ask the treatment institution to restrict access to the identifying information. Parents or patients who refuse to have information included in the CCRN or be contacted in the future will still be able to enter clinical cancer research studies.

The purpose of the study is to do a direct comparison of the CONVIVO system (camera imaging device) with our normal Stanford pathology process. CONVIVO system is being tested to see if the device creates the images very quickly by touching a special camera to the surgical wound.

Rates of DMBT1 (Glycoprotein like) in Sputum of CF Patients with or without may be different according to their Pseudomonas Aeruginosa chronic colonization status. The aim of this study is to compare rates of DMBT1 (Glycoprotein like) in Sputum of CF patients with or without a Pseudomonas Aeruginosa chronic colonization.

This pilot early phase I trial studies how well ferumoxytol-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlates with inflammatory (macrophage) responses in pediatric patients with malignant brain tumors. If there is good correlation, ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI can serve as a noninvasive imaging biomarker of inflammation.

Primary brain tumors are highly associated with neurocognitive deficit and poor quality of life. There are number of studies indicating that brain tumors and their treatment modalities are often related to cognitive dysfunction. Apart from primary brain lesions, deficit can also occur because of Surgery, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Antiepileptic and Corticosteroid treatment.Anaesthesia can also add to cognitive deficit in these patients. According to Ali et al. propofol provides better cognition scores compared to sevoflurane than isoflurane. The primary aim of their study was to compare the effects of 3 anesthetic regimens on hemodynamics and recovery characteristics of the patients. However in another study by Magni et al., the authors found that there is no difference in early cognitive function between sevoflurane and propofol. The aim of this prospective, randomized, open-label clinical trial was to compare clinical properties of sevoflurane-fentanyl with propofol-remifentanil anesthesia in patients undergoing supratentorial intracranial surgery. However both these studies evaluated the early cognitive function. The primary endpoint was to compare early postoperative recovery and cognitive functions within the two groups. They also evaluated hemodynamic events, vomiting, shivering, and pain. The literature is scarce on the severity, incidence and effect of anaesthetics on cognition and quality of life of these patients. Since most of the patients of brain tumor cannot be cured with surgery alone, improvement of quality of life and palliative care of the symptoms and cognitive function are important part of the treatment. Now the cognitive function has also been considered as an independent prognostic factor in the survival of patients of brain tumor. Cognitive function can also be related to tumor laterality. Patients with tumors in left hemisphere will have lower scores on verbal tests, whereas tumor in right hemisphere will have lower scores on facial recognition tests. Patients with tumors in the left hemisphere report more difficulty concentrating and those with right-hemisphere lesions,report more tension. Patients with primary brain tumors also experience serious challenges to their quality of life (QOL). These patients may face motor deficits, personality changes, cognitive deficits, aphasia, or visual field defects.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of BBB disruption using the ExAblate 4000-system Type 2 in patients with Her-2 positive breast cancer metastases in the brain.

High grade gliomas (WHO grade III and IV)(HGG) are the most common malignant, and aggressive brain tumour in humans. Current understanding of the mechanisms contributing to their growth and progression remain limited. Furthermore, treatment options have not advanced in recent decades. Recently, it has become evident that these tumours are dependent on glucose metabolism to maintain oncogenic properties. From a preclinical standpoint, targeting hexokinase 2 (HK2), the first committed step of glucose metabolism, with azole class drugs has been shown to display favourable anti-tumour effects in both in vitro and in vivo HGG models. We would like to translate these preclinical findings into the clinical setting by implementing a proof-of biological concept study with two azole drugs: ketoconazole (KCZ) and posaconazole (PCZ). A small cohort of recurrent HGG patients will receive either a single-, or repeated, steady state dose of either KCZ or PCZ and will then go for surgery where drug concentrations will be measured intraoperatively. Study drug selection and dosing details will be selected based on urgency of surgery and patient clinical characteristics Downstream biological effects of drug on tumour tissue, including HK2 activity, will also be assessed. This study will provide a preliminary understanding of azole drug activity in recurrent HGG patients and will help inform future studies of azole drug efficacy in this patient population

Readmissions increasingly serve as a metric of hospital performance, inviting quality improvement initiatives in both medicine and surgery. Recently, a readmission reduction program in the United States was associated with significantly shorter length of stay, earlier discharge, and reduced 30-day readmission after elective neurosurgery. These results underscore the importance of patient education and surveillance after hospital discharge, and it would be beneficial to test whether the same approach yields beneficial results in a different health system, the NHS. In this study, the investigators will replicate the Transitional Care Program (TCP) published by Robertson et al.(Journal of Neurosurgery 2017) with the goal of decreasing length of stay, improving discharge efficiency, and reducing readmissions in neurosurgical patients by optimizing patient education and post-discharge surveillance.

This study will compare the effectiveness of postoperative incentive spirometry and noninvasive mechanical ventilation on pulmonary functions after craniotomy in 60 patients. Patients were randomized into a control group (G-K, n:20), an IS group (G-IS, n:20) and a CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) group (G-CPAP, n:20)

The aim of the study is to evaluate whether open-face masks improve patient comfort/preference whilst maintaining immobilization performance as known for closed masks in patients undergoing whole or partial cranial radiotherapy.