Active clinical trials for "Brain Neoplasms"

This study is a prospective cohort study to find the incidence of re-craniotomy and predictive factors. The secondary outcomes are to find the incidence of major non-neurological complications and predictive factors.

Background: The Agricultural Health Study (AHS) studied farmers and their spouses in North Carolina and Iowa. It also included people who worked with pesticides in Iowa. They answered a questionnaire and gave data about their children born since 1975. Researchers want to link this data to public data like birth and death certificates. They want to study how early life exposures to farms are linked to cancer and other bad health outcomes. Objective: To study data to find links between early life farm exposure and negative health outcomes. Eligibility: There will be no human subjects. Design: Researchers will get public data in the two study states. This will come from things like: Birth certificates Driver s licenses Voter registration Death certificates Based on these plus the AHS data, they will create a study group. It will be called Early Life Exposure in Agriculture (ELEA). Researchers will link ELEA data to cancer data. This will identify prevalence of cancer. They will study parents answers on the AHS. The topics include farm practices and pesticide use. They will determine ELEA exposure to pesticides. Researchers will analyze the cancer and pesticide results and look for links.

It is still challenging to assess intravascular volume status in spontaneously breathing patients. Recently, the measurement of corrected flow time in carotid artery was introduced as quite useful, simple and noninvasive for the evaluation of circulating blood volume change. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether corrected carotid artery flow time as determined by ultrasonography can be a predictor of fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients before induction of general anesthesia.

Compared with MRI or CT, brain biological electrical impedance tomography were performed on patients with supratentorial tumors and healthy people . The AUC (area under the curve) of ROC, which is associated with the increased maximum and the difference between left and right equilibrium of impedance value, is calculated. The specificity of brain biological electrical impedance tomography in screening supratentorial tumors are evaluated. To compare the changes of parameters detected by brain biological electrical impedance tomography, the enrolled brain tumor patients with cerebral edema were paired with themselves and intravenous infusion of mannitol so that the sensitivity of this device in monitoring cerebral edema can be evaluated.

Recently, natural D-glucose was suggested as a potential biodegradable contrast agent. The feasibility of using D-glucose for dynamic perfusion imaging was explored to detect malignant brain tumors based on blood brain barrier breakdown. Our study try to evaluate the feasibility of dynamic glucose enhanced(DGE) magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）in brain tumor, which based on D-glucose weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (gluceoCEST).

Background: 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]-fluoro-L-phenylalanine (FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET) can identify well low and high grade brain tumors. However, increased FDOPA uptake has been reported in non-tumoral brain lesions. The aim was to analyse FDOPA-PET in patients with non-tumoral brain lesions and to compare them with patients with (low and high grade) brain tumors. Methods: retrospective analyse. Patients consecutively recruited with suspected primary brain tumor (based on clinical and MRI findings) referred for FDOPA-PET at Nimes university Hospital between June 2015 and June 2019. FDOPA-PET parameters (maximum and mean lesion standardized uptake values [SUV] and ratios comparing lesion with different background uptake SUV) and thresholds were analysed in search for those offering optimal discrimination between non-tumoral and tumoral lesions.

In radiotherapy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used as a complement to the CT scanner because it provides better tissue contrast and therefore more precise delineations without the need for additional irradiation. However, MRI does not allow the definition of the electronic densities of the tissues necessary for dose calculation. In this work, we sought to measure the feasibility of a method for generating CT-synthetic images from MRI in terms of dosimetric and geometrical precision for the purpose of MRI workflow alone (see diagram). The cerebral sphere and the prostate are the two tumor locations considered. All patients will have a planning CT (reference) and an MRI in the treatment position. The contours of the structures will be contoured by a radiotherapist on both the MRI and the reference CT. Synthetic CTs will be generated from the MRI with the method of automatic assignment of densities in five classes. The volumes bypassed and the dosimetries performed will be compared. A study of the quality of the images generated from MRI for dose calculation and images for the verification of per-treatment positioning will be performed.

This study will use light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) to analyze brain tissue removed from patients during brain surgery to determine if this new technology can be used to differentiate between normal and cancerous cells. LSS focuses light on cells or tissues, and the way that light is reflected back from the tissues provides information about the size of cells and the density of the cell nuclei (the part of the cell that contains the genes). Patients between 18 and 75 years of age with a known or suspected brain tumor and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy that does not respond to medication may be eligible for this study. (Examination of tissue from patients with epilepsy will allow comparison of tumor and non-tumor brain cells.) All patients must require surgery to treat their condition. Participants will be admitted to the Clinical Center for 3 to 10 days for physical and neurological examinations, blood and urine tests, and other tests needed to prepare for surgery. They will then undergo surgery. A small amount of tissue removed during surgery for pathological review will be collected for use in this study. Half of the tissue will be examined using LSS to help determine the size of the cell and its nucleus. Studies will be done to measure how many of the cells are actively dividing and which proteins are expressed more often in tumor cells compared with normal cells. This information may shed light on how tumor cells are different from normal cells. Participants may be contacted for up to 3 years to follow their health status.

Brain tumors represent the most common solid tumor of childhood. Treatment generally entails surgery and radiation, but local recurrence is frequent. Chemotherapy is often used in an adjuvant setting, to delay radiation therapy or for resistant disease. Children with brain tumors are generally followed by imaging studies, such as CT or MRI. Difficulty arises in trying to distinguish tumor regrowth from treatment related edema, necrosis or radiation injury. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic (NMRS) Imaging is a non-invasive method of detecting and measuring cellular metabolites in vivo. NMRS imaging complements routine MRI by giving chemical information in conjunction with spatial information obtained by MRI. This study will be conducted to determine NMRS imaging patterns before, during and after chemotherapy in pediatric patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors in an attempt to identify and characterize specific patterns of metabolites related to tumor regrowth, tumor response to therapy, edema or necrosis.

The main source of energy for the brain comes from a combination of oxygen and glucose (sugar). For brain cells to function normally they must receive a constant supply of these nutrients. As areas of the brain become more active blood flow into and out of these areas increase. In addition to oxygen and glucose, the brain uses chemical compounds known as phospholipids. These phospholipids make up the covering of nerve cells that assist in the transfer of information from cell to cell. Without phospholipids brain cell activity may become abnormal and cause problems in the nervous system. Certain diseases like Alzheimer's disease and brain tumors can affect blood flow to the brain and change the way the brain metabolizes phospholipids. In addition to diseases, changes in the brain occur with normal healthy aging. This study is designed to use PET scan to measure changes in blood flow and changes in phospholipid metabolism. Using this technique, researchers can improve their understanding of how certain diseases change the shape and function of the brain.