Active clinical trials for "Bronchiolitis"

prospective assessment of lung ultrasound score in children with different severities of bronchiolitis

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most common cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in the pediatric population worldwide. Age at the time of infection, prematurity, multiparity, exposure to smoke and the level of passive immunity transmitted at birth are the main risk factors for lower respiratory infection associated with RSV. Other factors, including the innate immune response, respiratory microbiota, and intra-host viral heterogeneity, may also affect outcomes but are not fully considered in RSV infection. Exploring the impact of these factors is difficult due to the heterogeneity of the population which makes statistical adjustment difficult. Thus, twin models are useful in understanding the impact of the host on the environment, as twins often share similar exposure to infection and many risk factors, but not all are ie different prenatal and postnatal conditions, differential transfer of maternal antibodies and the genetic makeup of heterozygotes.

Observational cohort study in children hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis. Patients are nursed in cohort isolation. Aim is to investigate the incidence and clinical impact of co-infections in this group.

Young children presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with wheezing often have prolonged stays in the ED or even get admitted to the hospital. This is a prospective observational study in which the investigators will use bedside 2D ultrasound to evaluate the lung ultrasound findings in children less than 24 months presenting to the ED with wheezing. The investigators hypothesize that children less than 24 months presenting to the Emergency Department with wheezing will have a range of lung ultrasound findings that will include normal findings, B lines, subpleural consolidations, and pleural effusions. The investigators also hypothesize that the findings will be reproducible between two equally trained providers. The investigators also hypothesize that lung ultrasound findings patients 0-24 months presenting to the ED with wheezing will correlate with specific clinical outcomes. An exploratory analysis will be performed to look for correlations between lung US findings and acute severity, final diagnosis, presenting symptoms, prematurity, risk factors for atopy, response to treatment and radiologic or viral studies if performed.

The primary objective of this study is to describe the incidence of RSV-associated LRI among infants <1 year of age presenting to the ED during selected shoulder months.

Objective: The investigators aimed to compare the heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) flow rate of 1-L/kg/min (1L) with 2-L/kg/min (2L) in patients with severe bronchiolitis presenting to the pediatric emergency department. Study design: The investigators performed a study in which all patients were allocated to receive these two flow rates. The primary outcome was admitted as treatment failure, which was defined as a clinical escalation in respiratory status. Secondary outcomes covered a decrease of respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), the clinical respiratory score (CRS), rise of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) and rates of weaning, intubation and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Keywords: Bronchiolitis, Emergency department, High-flow nasal cannula, Flow rate

xTAG RPP assay is a PCR-based assay to detect the presence or absence of viral and bacterial DNA / RNA in clinical specimens (nasopharyngeal swabs). The objective of this study is to establish diagnostic accuracy of the xTAG RPP.

The investigators here compare lung function parameters (RV, RV/TLC and FEF75) with the results of the Lung Clearance index (LCI) . Further this study evaluates bronchial inflammatory markers in 20 patients with bronchiolitis obliterans at the age of 6 to 28 years compared with an age- and sex-matched control group. The investigators will perform a pulmonary function test (body plethysmography with DLCO) and compare the results with the LCI. Further we will measure the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and draw a blood sample to determine the level of systemic inflammation. Finally induced sputum is collected and a cell count is performed, and cells and supernatants are analyzed for inflammatory markers. This study will set baseline markers for future interventional studies.

The development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and other late onset non-infectious pulmonary complications (LONIPCs) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with a significantly worse prognosis, high disease burden, and excessive health resource utilization. In this proposal, the investigators plan to examine and compare different diagnostic modalities which can provide detailed physiological and anatomical characterization of LONIPCs.

The investigators hypothesize that Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection may influence the population of lung immature myeloid cells and dendritic cells in a way that will impair their ability to invoke an effective immune response and lead to prolonged inflammation, angiogenesis and scarring. This may lead in turn to disturbed lung function. Our aim is to determine the presence and phenotype of immature myeloid cells present in respiratory secretions of children with RSV bronchiolitis as compared to non-RSV bronchiolitis and healthy controls.