Active clinical trials for "Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia"

To compare the efficacy and safety of high frequency ventilation (HFV) with that of standard, mechanical ventilation in premature infants of less than 2000 grams.

This study aims to assess whether neurally adjusted ventilatory assist or proportional assist ventilation is more effective in infants born prematurely with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia

While many short-term morbidities associated with extreme prematurity have declined over the last two decades, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has increased to a rate of approximately 45% in neonates <28 weeks gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) <1,500 g. Neonates with BPD are at increased risk for adverse short-and long-term neurodevelopmental and respiratory outcomes that often persist into adulthood. There is a growing body of pathological and biochemical evidence that implicates inflammation in its pathogenesis. This is further supported by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that demonstrate the efficacy of systemic corticosteroids in facilitating extubation and reducing BPD. However, several short- and long-term adverse effects associated with the use of systemic corticosteroids have been described, the most concerning of which is their effect on neurodevelopment, specifically an increased rate of cerebral palsy (CP). Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are an attractive alternative to systemic steroids because of these concerns. Earlier systematic reviews had not found any benefit in using ICS for the prevention or treatment of BPD. However, a recent systematic review showed a significant reduction in death or BPD at 36 weeks' corrected GA (CGA) (risk ratio=0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.75, 0.99), BPD (RR=0.77, 95% CI 0.65, 0.91), and use of systemic steroids (RR=0.87, 95% CI 0.76, 0.98) in infants treated with ICS. Despite growing evidence of the effectiveness of ICS for BPD, uncertainty remains over treatment timing, effective dose, and long-term effects. There is also variation in the delivery systems used for delivery of ICS. These concerns continue to be echoed in a recent review by Nelin et al. Given that the long-term neurodevelopmental impact of ICS were unknown at the time of this study and many infants are able to wean from ventilation without steroids, the investigators conducted an escalating-dose ranging study of late ICS (i.e. administered after the first week of life) delivered by a metered dose inhaler (MDI) utilizing a specially designed valved delivery system to determine the minimum effective dose necessary to achieve extubation or reduction in oxygen requirements and the long-term neurodevelopmental impact of increasing doses of ICS.

The aim of the present work is to study the cardio-respiratory effects of non-invasive ventilation (nasal high-frequency ventilation and nasal CPAP) as an initial therapy of respiratory distress in moderate and late preterm infants as regard: I. Primary outcomes: Duration of the non- invasive respiratory support. Need of invasive ventilation in the first 72 hours. Short-term complications such as air leak syndromes, pulmonary hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and nasal trauma. II. Secondary outcomes: Need for surfactant administration. Days on invasive mechanical ventilation. Days on supplemental oxygen. Duration of hospital stay. Mortality rate. III. Hemodynamic changes during the period of non-invasive ventilation.

This is a follow-up study to investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of PNEUMOSTEM® versus placebo, for the treatment of BPD in premature infants. Subjects who participated in and completed the initial stage of the Phase II trial (NCT01828957) will be followed-up until 60 months of corrected age.

The primary question to be addressed by this study is: compared with a functional oxygen saturation level (SpO2) of 91-95%, does targeting SpO2 85-89% in extremely preterm infants from birth or soon after, result in a difference in mortality or major disability in survivors by 2 years corrected age (defined as gestational age plus chronological age)?

The trial intends to evaluate the efficacy of specially designed probiotics to prevent premature birth and related neonatal morbidity associated to intra-uterine infection. The tested probiotics are efficacious to decrease the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis. The study hypothesis is that the early administration of those probiotics to pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis can prevent premature birth through antibiotic activity and modulation of the immune response to infection.

The aim of this study is to determine if inhaled nitric oxide will improve short and long term respiratory outcomes in preterm infants. Infants born at a gestational age of 30-36 weeks and who require breathing support with high flow nasal cannula, nasal continuous positive airway pressure, or nasal intermittent positive pressure will be randomized to receive either inhaled nitric oxide or placebo. The dose will then be decreased per protocol until all respiratory support has been discontinued. Infants will be followed to evaluate safety and efficacy of non-invasive iNO delivery, up to 12 months corrected gestational age.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of extreme preterm birth. It impacts 10,000-15,000 infants in the US annually, including approximately 50% of infants with birth weight < 1000g. BPD is associated with multiple long-term adverse outcomes including chronic cardiopulmonary and neurodevelopmental impairments. Infants with severe BPD, defined as a need for ≥ 30% inspired oxygen and/or mechanical respiratory support at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), suffer the greatest burden of these chronic sequelae. Recurrent episodes of hypoxemia and prolonged exposure to supplemental oxygen are linked to the development of these impairments. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) contributes to these mechanisms by exacerbating pulmonary inflammation and inducing bronchospasm. Unfortunately, clinically available methods to diagnose GER in infants are unreliable. Moreover, acid suppressive agents are both ineffective and carry high risk of serious life-threatening morbidity. Simple transpyloric feeding has promise, but has not been evaluated in BPD. This study will pilot N-of-1 trials to assess whether transpyloric feeds reduce airway complications of GER and and whether this methodology can aid in identifying individual infants with severe BPD who are likely to benefit from prolonged use of transpyloric feeds. Aim 1. To determine for each enrolled infant with severe BPD whether transpyloric compared to gastric feeds reduce the number of daily intermittent hypoxemic events (primary outcome) and improve a validated BPD severity score (secondary outcome). The investigators hypothesize that 80% percent of enrolled infants will have significantly fewer daily intermittent hypoxemic events with transpyloric compared to gastric feeds and will have this feeding method formally recommended. Aim 2. To pool results from multiple N-of-1 trials to determine whether transpyloric compared to gastric feeds reduce airway complications of GER in infants with severe BPD. The investigators hypothesize that transpyloric compared to gastric feeds will be associated overall with a 15% reduction in number of daily intermittent hypoxemic events.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is a multi-factorial disease process that is the end result of an immature, surfactant deficient lung that has been exposed to hyperoxia, mechanical ventilation and infection. These conditions initiate an inflammatory response characterized by elevated inflammatory cell infiltrates and proinflammatory cytokines that lead to the development of significant acute and chronic lung injury. The study drug, rhCC10, is a recombinant version of natural human CC10 protein. Native CC10 is produced primarily by non-ciliated respiratory epithelial cells, called Clara cells and is the most abundant protein in the mucosal fluids in normal healthy lungs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability and anti-inflammatory effects of a single intratracheal (IT) dose of rhCC10 to intubated premature infants receiving positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) to prevent long term respiratory complications referred to as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and, more recently, as Chronic Pulmonary Insufficiency of Prematurity (CPIP; asthma, cough, wheezing, multiple respiratory infections). CC10 regulates inflammatory responses and protects the structural integrity of pulmonary tissue while preserving pulmonary mechanical function during various insults (eg. viral infection, bacterial endotoxin, ozone, allergens, hyperoxia). Together these properties suggest that administration of rhCC10 may help to facilitate development of normal airway epithelia and prevent the inflammation that leads to CPIP in these infants. This study is funded by the FDA Office of Orphan Product Development (OOPD).