Active clinical trials for "Prostatic Neoplasms"

Background: Blister fluid contains many of the same biomarkers (substances that can be used to determine the effects of certain kinds of treatments) as blood and urine samples, particularly regarding changes in the skin. The Radiation Oncology Branch and others are conducting research studies that require blood and urine samples from healthy volunteers and from patients with cancer. In addition to these samples, researchers would like to collect the fluid from blisters to examine markers of inflammation in the skin. Objectives: To compare blood, urine, and blister fluid samples of patients with cancer who are undergoing radiation therapy to that of volunteers without cancer who will not be receiving radiation therapy. To gather more information about the effects of radiation therapy on the skin and body fluids of individuals. Eligibility: Patients 18 years of age and older who will be receiving radiation therapy for either breast or prostate cancer. A separate group of healthy volunteers will also participate in this study. Design: Physical examination and blood samples to determine eligibility for the study. Blister induction, conducted before the start of radiation treatment, at completion of radiotherapy (last day of treatment), and at a visit 12 months after the end of radiation treatment. Blisters will be created through the use of a suction blister device on the hip (for patients with prostate cancer) or on the treated breast or location of removed breast (for patients with breast cancer). Blisters will take approximately 30 minutes to form, and fluid will be removed with a needle and syringe. Blood and urine samples will also be collected at this time. Radiation treatment for breast or prostate cancer will be conducted according to standard procedures, or as directed by a separate research protocol. Evaluations during the treatment period: Physical examination, including vital signs and body weight checks, and pregnancy test for women who can become pregnant. Blood and urine tests. Disease evaluation. Post-treatment evaluations: Clinic visits at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 after the end of radiation therapy for physical examination and disease assessment. Study will end 1 year after the final radiation treatment, upon the collection of the final (third) blister fluid sample.

The purpose of this study is to find out if androgen deprivation therapy affects insulin, cardiac risk factors such as cholesterol level, and body fat and muscle.

Radical Prostatectomy (removal of the prostate) or radiation therapy provide excellent outcomes for patients with localized (confined to one area) disease, yet there is still no effective treatment once the disease has spread beyond the prostate gland. Typically, a serum PSA test is done to diagnose prostate cancer. Following diagnosis, a prostate biopsy and other tests help to classify the patient's disease according to the likelihood of a recurrence. However, these assessments are imperfect. There is a need to identify and evaluate prostate biomarkers that will provide exact information regarding the likelihood of a recurrence (prediction) of prostate cancer.

RATIONALE: Chemoprevention is the use of certain drugs or substances to keep cancer from forming, growing, or coming back. The use of lycopene, a substance found in tomatoes, may keep prostate cancer from forming. PURPOSE: This randomized clinical trial is studying how well lycopene works in preventing prostate cancer in healthy participants.

This study will identify genes that predispose men to prostate cancer and affect the rate and type of disease spread, the aggressiveness of the disease, and the long-term outcome. Several studies show there is a genetic component to prostate cancer susceptibility, and that a first-degree relative with prostate cancer increases a man's risk 2- to 3-fold compared to those without a family history. The risk is significantly higher if the relative was diagnosed at younger than 65 years of age, or if three or more first-degree relatives are affected. The study will try to locate prostate cancer genes in DNA samples using two methods: linkage analysis and association studies. Traditionally, the search for a disease gene begins with linkage analysis, in which the aim is to find the rough location of the gene relative to another DNA sequence, called a "genetic marker," whose position is already known. In genetic association studies, genes from a large number of patients are compared with healthy controls who are matched by age, race, and geographic region. DNA samples for this study come from patients in the two following studies at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington: Family study: Participants are families with prostate cancer who have: 1) three or more first-degree relatives with prostate cancer; 2) three generations with prostrate cancer either through the maternal or paternal side of the family; or 3) two first-degree relatives with prostate cancer diagnosed before age 65 or who were African American. Population-based study: Participants are patients with prostate cancer and matched healthy control subjects. The identification of prostate cancer genes important in susceptibility to the disease and its aggressiveness may permit earlier detection and development of more directed and effective treatments based on underlying genetics.

Objective: To explore the hypothesis that different methods of selecting and printing information for cancer patients could improve emotional support by affecting interaction with others, and so lead to improved psychological wellbeing. Design: Randomised trial with 8 groups (three factors, 2X2X2). Data collected at recruitment and three month follow-up. Participants: 400 patients starting radiotherapy and their 'confidant' (the person in who they confide). Interventions: Printed booklets. Half had 'general' CancerBACUP information for that cancer; half had 'personal' information from the medical record plus selected general information; Half chose information by 'interacting' with the computer; half had a larger volume of material in booklets that were produced 'automatically'. Half had additional 'anxiety management advice'. Outcomes: Patients' views; use of booklet with others; change in reported social support; change in anxiety and depression.

Prostate cancer is diagnosed in approximately 334,500 men each year and accounts for nearly 41,800 deaths in the United States. Prostate cancer is the leading cancer affecting veterans and the second leading cancer among all Americans. The causes of prostate cancer and, particularly, the reasons for the unusually high incidence rates in African-Americans remain obscure. Dietary factors likely play a role in fatal cases, while hormones are also important in regulating prostate cancer growth. Dr. Charles Huggins recognized this effect in the 1940?s, with androgen deprivation remaining as the cornerstone of therapy for advanced disease. Despite the strong circumstantial evidence, neither epidemiologic studies nor basic sciences have produced clear insight into the etiologic role of hormones. However, recent observations regarding androgen receptor gene polymorphisms and their relation to endocrine expression and prostate cancer risk may be providing important clues as to how an etiologic role might be mediated at the molecular level. Thus, it is important to attempt to identify genetic markers of high-risk cancer patients for necessary screening and counseling efforts.

RATIONALE: Gene mutations may make prostate cancer cells unable to attach to androgens. This may permit the growth of prostate cancer. Gene testing may improve the identification of patients with advanced prostate cancer. PURPOSE: Clinical trial to study the androgen receptor gene in patients with prostate cancer that is not responsive to hormone therapy.

Biomarker series can indicate disease progression and predict clinical endpoints. When a treatment is prescribed depending on the biomarker, confounding by indication might be introduced if the treatment modifies the marker profile and risk of failure. The two-stage model fitted within a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo framework is particularly flexible to account for such data. Prostate-specific antigens in prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiation therapy can be monitored. In the presence of rising prostate-specific antigens after external beam radiation therapy, salvage hormone therapy can be prescribed to reduce both the prostate-specific antigens concentration and the risk of clinical failure, an illustration of confounding by indication. The prognostic value of hormone therapy and prostate-specific antigens trajectory on the risk of failure based on a two-stage model within a Bayesian framework to assess the role of the prostate-specific antigens profile on clinical failure while accounting for a secondary treatment prescribed by indication. the aim of this research is to model prostate specific antigens using a hierarchical piecewise linear trajectory with a random changepoint. Residual prostate-specific antigens variability can be expressed as a function of prostate-specific antigens concentration. Covariates in the survival model can include : hormone therapy, baseline characteristics, and individual predictions of the prostate-specific antigens nadir and timing and prostate-specific antigens slopes before and after the nadir as provided by the longitudinal process.

Tranperineal prostate biopsy(TPB) and Transrectal prostate biopsy(TRUSB) are now both routine diagnosis methods of prostate cancer in Queen Mary Hospital. The TRUSB has been the most common way to sample prostate tissue for decades. The TPB has been employed as one of our routine diagnosis methods in early 2018. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether Tranperineal prostate biopsy using a noval transperineal access system under local anaesthesia is non-inferior to standard 12-cores Transrectal prostate biopsy in detecting prostate cancer (PCa), in patients with clinical suspicion of PCa with no prior prostate biopsy.