Active clinical trials for "Rectal Neoplasms"

Approx. 80% of patients with prostate and rectal cancer who receive radiation therapy (RT) experience acute radiation-induced diarrhea (RID). RID has major impact on patients' quality of life, can lead to pause or early termination of RT and chronic diarrhea. RID is poorly described with few details of type and severity of RID in clinical practice and in the literature. We are conducting an observational study in patients in patients who receive curative EBRT radiation for prostate and rectal cancer to uncover the frequency and classifications of RID.

Local recurrence rates in rectal cancer have reduced dramatically since the introduction of the total mesorectal excision (TME) technique and neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy (C))RT) to overall rates of 5-year local recurrence to 5-10%. However, distal rectal cancers have a tendency to spread to lateral lymph nodes and it was recently shown that patients with enlarged lateral lymph nodes of ≥7mm short-axis size have a considerable chance of a local recurrence: 15-20%. This is regardless of CRT with TME in two retrospective cohorts (Lateral Node Consortium and Snapshot Rectal Cancer 2016 study). According to the Lateral Node Consortium study, this rate was significantly reduced to <6% when performing a lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) after (C)RT + TME. A major drawback of these recent multi-center studies is their retrospective nature. Therefore, in the Netherlands, radiologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons and pathologists have recently been educated and trained to enhance knowledge and awareness of LLNs and to implement nerve-sparing minimally invasive LLND. The LaNoReC trial is a prospective registration study aimed at evaluating oncological outcomes after multi-disciplinary training. The main question of this study is whether, after dedicated training and the performance of LLNDs, the lateral local recurrence rate in rectal cancers with enlarged nodes (≥7mm) can be reduced to below 6%.

Aim: To investigate the safety and efficacy of organ preservation (OP) with watch-and-wait strategy (W&W) or local excision (LE) in MRI stratified low-risk rectal cancer treated by total neoadjuvant treatment. Meanwhile we will look into the role of ctDNA in the prediction of regrowth and metastasis in the wait and wait process. Methods: Low-risk rectal cancer with following MRI features are recruited: mid-low tumor, mrT2-3b, MRF(-), EMVI(-), differentiation grade 1-3. Patients will receive IMRT 50.6Gy/22f with concurrent capecitabine and 4 cycles of consolidation CAPEOX. Patients with cCR/near-cCR were recommended for 'watch & wait' approach or local excision (LE). The OPR and sphincter preservation rate (SPR) at 2 years will be analyzed. As the extension of PKUCH-R01, BJCC-R01 trial will upgrade to a multi-center research enrolled 3 other colorectal center in Beijing.

The study is designed to test the hypothesis that the clinical complete response (CCR) rate of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy will increase after an adaptive-design paradigm, as well as the rate of 2-year organ preservation, recurrence, quality of life, DFS and OS.

This is an observational research study. Patients with rectal cancer can choose different courses of treatment. This study will follow these patients over the course of approximately six years, depending on their treatment. Patients will be monitored through clinic visits and survey assessments to see how they do, how they feel regarding their treatment choices, and their outcomes. The surveys will analyze the impact of the patients' treatment choices, as well as patient adherence, in a rural setting.

The pilot research project is focused on the feasibility of a prehabilitation program for two groups of diagnoses (esophageal and stomach cancer, rectal cancer).

The evaluation of the tumor response to chemoradiotherapy/total neoadjuvant therapy (CRT/TNT) remains a challenge. The integration of a blood-based biomarker such as ctDNA with clinico-radiological tools could offer the potential advantage of improving accuracy of assessment of tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy. Furthermore, data on functional outcomes and quality of life after total mesorectal excision (TME) and especially after " Watch And Wait" (WW) is scarce. REVEAL is a prospective, multicenter study in which the response to TNT in correlation with liquid biopsy (LB) of patients with rectal cancer in Spain will be evaluated. It is planned to include 120 patients. All patients will be aged 18 years or older, with histologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma, located in the mid or distal third (with the inferior margin within 12cm from the anal verge), clinically staged II and III (cT3-T4 and/or any TN+), scheduled to undergo TNT will be eligible. All cases and treatment decisions will be discussed by local Multidisciplinary Boards. Patients will be included consecutively when visiting the corresponding health centers for outpatient visits or hospitalization. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the role of ctDNA in the prediction of relapse in patients diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) treated with TNT followed by WW or TME based on a clinical assessment of the local response

This is an open-label, prospective phase II clinical trial to evaluate the therapeutic and prognostic implications of tumor immune microenvironment in the neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy for patients with rectal cancer. A total of 100 patients will be enrolled in this trial. The primary end point is the rate of pathological complete response (pCR). The long-term prognosis and adverse effects will also be evaluated and analyzed.

The study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fruquintinib combined with mFOLFOX6 + synchronous radiotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy in middle and low locally advanced rectal cancer patients with no previous anti-tumor treatment.

A significant racial disparity in the incidence and mortality of CRC exists in the U.S. with African Americans having CRC incidence and mortality rates that are 20% and 40% higher than the general U.S. population. It has been demonstrated that the gut microbiome impacts tumor development and progression through multiple mechanisms, including impacting the tumoral immune response. However, it is unknown if microbiome modulating treatment can have an impact on CRC outcomes.