Active clinical trials for "Heart Arrest"

The purposes of the study are to 1) study alterations in the metabolomic profile of patients exposed to post-ischemic conditions and 2) study alterations in myocardial infarction size of patients exposed to post-ischemic conditioning.

We hypothesized that the BONFILS is beneficial for intubation of manikins while performing CPR. In the current study we compared the performance of the BONFILS and the Macintosh laryngoscopes with respect to their effectiveness and time to successful ETI during chest compression (CC) using an adult manikin.

Only half of the patients suffering from cardiac arrest arrive at the hospital alive. Of these survivors, more than 50% will still die or remain severely disabled. During cardiac arrest ischemia causes damage to the vital organs, especially the brain. When with return of spontaneous circulation oxygen is re-offered to the ischemic organs, massive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced. These ROS can further increase the damage to the myocardium and brain (reperfusion injury). Vitamin C is the primary circulating antioxidant. It scavenges free radicals and reduces the production of ROS. In a recent study we demonstrated that vitamin C plasma levels are deficient in ~60% of the patients after cardiac arrest, probably due to massive consumption. Vitamin C deficiency reduces the protection against oxidative stress. Intravenous supplementation is needed to restore deficiency and the antioxidative effect of vitamin C is much more potent if it is administered in a supraphysiological dose (≥ 3 g per day). Its strong antioxidative effect may reduce damage to the circulation and to brain, heart and other organs. Beneficial effects of high dose i.v. vitamin C after cardiac arrest have been demonstrated in preclinical studies, but not in patients. The investigators hypothesize that vitamin C can reduce organ damage, especially cerebral injury, if administered for a short period as a high i.v. dose during the very early phase of reperfusion after cardiac arrest. Objectives: To determine whether an early high dose i.v. vitamin C can improve organ function, especially neurological outcome, in patients after cardiac arrest To explore the optimal dosing regimen for high dose i.v. vitamin C To investigate in vitro the difference in effect of plasma obtained from post cardiac arrest patients treated with placebo, 3 gr/day or 10 gr/day vitamin C on endothelial cell viability and underlying oxidative pathways.

Globally, it is estimated that 2.4 billion people suffer from caries of permanent teeth and 486 million children suffer from caries of primary teeth . The highest estimate of dental caries prevalence in Saudi Arabia was 95% with maximum DMFT of 7.34 among 3-7 years old children . Also, it was found that 78% of 6-9 years old children in Dammam had caries with an average of 3.66±3.13 DMFT. The objectives of this study are: To assess the effectiveness of the Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) in arresting caries. To assess the antibacterial effect of the Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF). To assess parents' and children's satisfaction and acceptance. The aims of our study are to assess the effectiveness of SDF in arresting caries in primary dentition among children visiting Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University in Dammam, Saudi Arabia and to assess parental acceptance and satisfaction. The expected outcome the results of this study will help in understanding the effectiveness SDF in arresting dental caries in this target population especially that it was recently approved for clinical use in Saudi Arabia.

Cardiac arrest ist associated with a very poor prognosis. Even though resuscitation algorithms and postcardiac arrest care have been improved there is an urgent need for measures leading to a higher survival rate. Emergency cardiopulmonary bypass (ECPB - artificial heart and lung outside the patients body) is a method which has shown good results in case reports and animal studies for cardiac arrest care. The study will be performed as comparison between the new treatment option of ECPB versus the standard of care treatment. Aim of our study is to determine the feasibility of ECPB installed in an emergency department to improve the rate of patients restoration of spontaneous circulation.

Background： Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with closed-chest cardiac massage has been shown that survival to discharge rate is poor. Attempt to increase success, some aggressive methods such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used (also known as extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ECPR). Otherwise, anoxic brain injury is another issue after CPR. In recent years, some randomized prospective controlled trials of induced hypothermia (IH) to 33℃ for 12 to 24 hours has been demonstrated to significantly improve outcome in cardiac arrest patients. Because ECMO also could provide hypothermia management, we plan this study to evaluate the cerebroprotective effect of ECPR with induced hypothermia. We will try to analyze risk factors influencing patient survival and weaning from ECPR and the optimal management for this ominous prognosis group. Method: The patients were recruited into the ECPR group only if they: in cardiac arrest that necessitated external or open-chest cardiac massage and a large amount of epinephrine (>5 mg) during CPR. Could not be returned to spontaneous circulation within 10 to 20 min. After ECPR, the body temperature was started to be cooled down. Within 3 hours, the patients have been well studied to search for potential reason of CPR. If the patients have no heart problem or only intervention needed, they can be grouped into 1. Group 2 is the group, which some further operation must be delivered. Group 3 is the group who cannot afford to receive hypothermia (The physician in charge don't agree the trial.) In ECMO-supported patients, two resulting comparisons were of concern: 1) ECMO weaning versus nonweaning and 2) survival-to-discharge versus in-hospital death. We attempted to identify the risk factors that affected weaning and survival, and we analyzed the effect of ECPR with hypothermia on survival. Expected result: We will prove ECPR with hypothermia is a perfect strategy. And within three groups of the patients, ECMO +induced hypothermia will be the most optimal choice.

By comparing the clinical outcome of patients underwent different hypothermic circulatory arrest (mild hypothermic versus moderate hypothermic) during aortic arch surgery, this study aims to determine the optimal hypothermic circulatory arrest strategy for aortic surgery.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is one of the leading cause of death in the world. In Slovenia approximately 25% of resuscitated patients survives to discharge from hospitals, usually with poorer functional status. One of key pathophysiological process responsible for poorer functional status is global hypoxic-ischemic injury, which is two-stage. Primary stage occurs immediately after cardiac arrest due to cessation of blood flow. With return of spontaneous circulation a secondary injury occurs, of which the leading process is an imbalance between oxygen delivery and consumption. Reperfusion exposes ischemic tissue to oxygen, resulting in the formation of large amounts of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) within minutes. ROS lead to oxidative stress, which causes extensive damage to cell structures and leads to cell death. Consequently, necrosis and apoptosis are responsible for organ dysfunction and functional outcome of these patients. Such injury of neural tissue causes brain damage, which is ultimately responsible for poor neurological and thus functional outcome of OHCA survivors. The extent of brain damage can be determined in several ways: clinically by assessing quantitative and qualitative consciousness and the presence of involuntary movements in an unconscious patient, by assessing activity on electroencephalographic record, by imaging of the brain with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as by assessing levels of biological markers of brain injury. Of the latter, the S-100b protein and neuron-specific enolase have been shown to be suitable for such assessment. Oxidative stress is counteracted by the body with endogenous antioxidants that balance excess free radicals and stabilize cellular function. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is the body's main antioxidant and is primarily consumed during oxidative stress. Large amounts of ROS rapidly depletes the body's vitamin C stores. Humans cannot synthesise vitamin C and enteral uptake of vitamin C is limited by transporter saturation. On the other hand, parenteral (venous) dosing of vitamin C can achieve concentrations of vitamin C above physiological and thus produce a stronger antioxidant effect. The beneficial effect of parenteral dosing of vitamin C has been establish in several preclinical and clinical studies in patients with ischemic stroke and cardiac arrest. The investigators hypothesize that there is a similarly beneficial effect of vitamin C in survivors of OHCA.

This is a pilot study that will lead to a large randomized control trial (RCT), to assess whether early versus late or no cardiac catheterization is associated with improved outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients.

The objective of this study is to compared effectiveness of intubation using ETView VivaSight SL and standard tracheal tube during resuscitation performed by a EMS-paramedics.