Active clinical trials for "Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic"

The purpose of the study is to compare the efficacy of a physiologically-augmented breath-focused mindfulness-based intervention to reduce symptoms of dissociation that are associated with psychological trauma, as well as symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study will evaluate whether physiological augmentation produces a greater change in dissociative symptoms, meditative engagement and attentional control, compared to non-augmented mindfulness. The augmentation comprises physiological feedback in the form of a vibration on the wrist. Vibrations are delivered by a device that will be placed on a participant's arm; the device vibrates in proportion to the person's breath.

The current study will modify an already existing therapy for individuals with substance use disorders to address Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in women enrolled in substance use disorders (SUD) treatment who suffer with both PTSD and SUD. Mindfulness meditation has been shown to help individuals to cope with stress and regulate emotions. Through meditation practice women will experience less distress related to PTSD symptoms and reduced substance use in response to emotional triggers. Women enrolled in intensive SUD treatment at a community program will be randomized to receive either 8 weeks of 90 minute Mindfulness Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) group sessions plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. The MBRP group sessions will replace 90 minutes of TAU group therapy. Measures of feasibility of implementation, acceptance and adherence will be obtained. Preliminary efficacy for substance use and PTSD symptom severity will be measured at post treatment and at 3- and 6- months' follow-up.

The investigators will use multiple methods (including Oxytocin intranasal inhalation, neuroimaging, behavioral measures, peripheral hormone measurements) to examine how individuals' behavior, cognition, and brain function is impacted by the neuro-hormone Oxytocin. Specifically, the investigators plan to evaluate the influence of Oxytocin administration on affective processing in non-trauma exposed and trauma-exposed adults (both with and without posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD).

The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy in PTSD treatment of concomitant voluntary reactivation of personal traumatic memories with neuromodulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex using 10Hz rTMS, compared to 1Hz rTMS, during 2 weeks.

The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a CBT-based smoking cessation treatment enhanced with transdiagnostic skills for the management of anxiety and fear-based avoidance behaviors (CBT-A) relative to a standard CBT-based smoking cessation treatment (CBT-S) for smokers with elevated PTSD symptoms who were exposed to the 9/11 World Trade Center disaster. The investigators hypothesized that the CBT-A treatment would yield more favorable outcomes with regard to smoking abstinence as well as improvements in PTSD and respiratory symptoms over a 6-month follow-up period.

To implement Problem Management Plus (PM+) in Syrian refugees with this pilot study in Turkey with the aim of informing the definitive RCT about drop-out rates and estimated effect sizes.

More than 90% of women in substance use treatment report history of physical and/or sexual trauma, and up to 60% meet criteria for both substance use disorder (SUD) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD typically precedes onset of SUD, with substances used as a means to cope with physiological, psychological, and emotional symptoms resulting from the trauma. Women with PTSD experience greater severity of addiction symptoms, readmit into treatment more frequently than women without PTSD, and tend to have poorer treatment outcomes. Due to increased risk for exacerbation of PTSD on SUD severity and treatment success, and the specific vulnerabilities and needs of women with this comorbidity, SUD treatments that target both substance use and trauma recovery are needed. However, few interventions target both SUD and PTSD concurrently, and fewer still are specific to women. Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) has been shown to decrease craving, relapse rates, and quantity/frequency of use across several substances, and has shown acceptability in diverse populations. MBRP integrates mindfulness practices with cognitive behavioral and exposure-based approaches to increase self-regulatory skills while experiencing triggers previously associated with substance use, including challenging affective states such as those common to experienced trauma. Adapting MBRP to incorporate trauma education and treatment approaches has the potential to effectively treat women with the dual vulnerabilities of trauma history and SUD. The current study is thus designed to determine feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of an adapted Trauma-Informed Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (TI-MBRP) intervention for women in substance use treatment settings who have PTSD. TI-MBRP integrates trauma education and treatment approaches drawn from Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) into the standard MBRP protocol to provide a trauma-informed approach to treating women in substance use treatment settings. The current proposal will evaluate TI-MBRP, using a randomized, pre-post design, with 100 women in residential substance abuse treatment. Participants will be randomly assigned to participate in a 4-week TI-MBRP intervention or to continue with treatment as usual (TAU). Assessments will be collected pretest, posttest, and at one-month follow-up. Data from this study will lay the groundwork for a larger scale clinical trial to determine the efficacy of TI-MBRP.

This project will examine the impact of PE therapy for the treatment of PTSD with a sample of Latinos. The need to provide effective treatment to Spanish-speaking Latinos with PTSD is critical given the high prevalence of PTSD among Latinos. Furthermore, PTSD remains an under detected and under treated condition. Untreated PTSD has a substantial impact on health, functioning and quality of life. PE is one of the most empirically supported psychological interventions for PTSD. However, most studies that evidence the efficacy of PE have been conducted mainly with English-speaking Caucasian populations. This study has the potential to contribute to improvements in the well-being of Spanish-speaking Latinos with PTSD.

In the aftermath of natural disasters, e.g., flood disasters, there is a great need for humanitarian assistance in the domain of psychological support. This is particularly true in post-conflict settings because people have suffered severely from multiple traumatic events and situations during their lives. The Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) is a short-term, culturally sensitive treatment approach that aims to reduce Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The investigators want to provide evidence, that NET is an effective and efficient module to assist people in the aftermath of natural disasters using the example of the recent flood disaster in Burundi. In addition the investigators aim to explore, how traumatic incidences and maltreatment during childhood may influence treatment outcomes.

Threat-related attentional biases have been identified as a possible precursor to the onset and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As a result, protocols such as Attention Bias Modification (ABM) have been developed and utilized to treat these attentional biases in adults diagnosed with PTSD. However, to-date, ABM protocols have not been examined for use specifically among victims of sexual assaults. Participants are 20 undergraduate women enrolled in a Midwest university. The efficacy of ABM in this population will be assessed, as will the relationship between ABM and PTSD symptom clusters and outcome variables such as anxiety and depression scores.