Active clinical trials for "Cognition Disorders"

Deficits in memory, attention, cognitive, and executive functions are the most common disabilities after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission is implicated in these neural functions and dopaminergic pathways are recognized to be frequently disrupted after TBI. Methylphenidate increases synaptic DA levels by binding to presynaptic dopamine transporters (DAT) and blocking re-uptake. The objectives of this study are to use PET imaging with [11C]-raclopride, a D2/D3 receptor ligand, before and after administering methylphenidate, to measure endogenous DA release in patients who are experiencing problems with cognition, attention and executive function in the chronic stage after TBI. In addition, we will use TMS to test short intracortical inhibition, a gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABAA) - mediated phenomenon, which is under partial DA control, as a measure of dopaminergic activity on and off

This study will compare the effectiveness of different combinations of 5 types of behavioral interventions across patient-centered outcomes. It will also evaluate which outcomes (e.g. quality of life, cognition, function, mood) matter most to people at risk for dementia and their care partners. The results of this study have the potential to direct patients, families, and health care providers as to which combinations of behavioral interventions provide the greatest potential impact on which dementia prevention outcomes. Greater use of behavioral strategies that are targeted to the outcomes of most important to the patient will likely improve patient compliance and treatment adherence. This, in turn, can lessen the need for medication, health care, and long term care utilization.

This is a safety and efficacy study evaluating a experimental treatment for cognitive deficits in adults with schizophrenia.

This is an efficacy study evaluating a experimental treatment for cognitive deficits in adults with schizophrenia.

The purpose of this study is to: To examine wether adjunctive atomoxetine is more effective thank placebo for neuropsychological measures of reaction time, motor speed, psychomotor speed, sustained attention, learning and memory, working memory, and executive functioning. To determine the effect size of atomoxetine on these neuropsychological measures for follow-up studies. To determine if atomoxetine has short-term benefits for improving weight gain and other metabolic abnormalities associated with antipsychotics.

The purpose of this study is to compare pictures of the brain of HIV-infected people with memory problems before and after treatment with selegiline. Selegiline is the study drug received through A5090. HIV patients generally develop memory problems late in the disease. This will be examined using noninvasive proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). The effect of the drug selegiline on memory problems also will be examined.

Delirium is associated with increased risk of death, prolonged stay, higher cost of care, and likely long-term brain deficits in survivors. This form of brain dysfunction occurs in intensive care unit (ICU) patients in epidemic proportions, and the scope of this problem is likely to worsen in upcoming years due to the aging of our population and increased utilization of the ICU. Currently, delirium goes unrecognized and untreated in the vast majority of circumstances in the ICU unless the patient presents with hyperactive delirium and agitation. In the latter circumstance, a commonly used typical antipsychotic called haloperidol is considered the principal agent for treating delirium based largely on anecdotal evidence to support its usefulness, though no placebo controlled trials exist. There are no FDA approved medications for delirium. The atypical antipsychotics provide a promising alternative for the treatment of delirium due to their enhanced beneficial effects on positive (agitated) and negative (quiet) symptoms proven in mania and schizophrenia, reduced risk for side effects common to haloperidol such as extrapyramidal symptomatology, and less potentially lethal heart rhythm disturbances. It is imperative that well-designed phase II studies to determine proof of principle be conducted. A pilot study of feasibility to begin assessing the role of antipsychotics in the management of ICU delirium.

This study will compare the effectiveness of Problem Solving Therapy and Brief Supportive Therapy in treating elderly patients with major depression and thought problems.

To evaluate the chemical efficacy and safety of intranasally administered peptide T on neurocognitive function in HIV seropositive individuals. Previous studies have shown that treatment with peptide T can result in cognitive improvement in HIV-infected patients. Patients are randomized to receive either peptide T or placebo for the first 6 months. All patients then receive open-label peptide T for approximately 6 additional months. Neuropsychologic tests are used to determine drug effects.

This phase IIIb trial is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 36-month study comparing the length of time of progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in subjects taking Exelon vs. placebo. Exelon is currently under review with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The drug has been cleared for marketing in more than 40 countries for Alzheimer's disease to date, including all 15 member states of the European Union, New Zealand, Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. Each subject with MCI will be randomly assigned to treatment with either Exelon or placebo. Subjects assigned to Exelon will receive 1.5 to 6.0 mg bid (twice daily) (3.0 to 12 mg/day) for the majority of the study. At every regular visit scheduled every three months, patients will be given basic efficacy and safety assessments. These assessments will include evaluation of adverse events, vital signs, activities of daily living, and clinical staging scales to determine if the subject may have converted to dementia.