Active clinical trials for "Cognition Disorders"

Geriatric patients have a high risk of developing postoperative cognitive deficits. Hypothetical causes are insufficient intraoperative cerebral perfusion or drugs that are administered in the perioperative setting. This study will investigate the role of these two factors in patients aged 65 or older undergoing elective surgical procedures under general aesthesia. Non-invasive techniques will be used to monitor intraoperative cerebral perfusion and anticholinergic activity in the patient's blood is determined. Data will be compared to those of a young (20-40 year old) group of patients undergoing elective surgical procedures using an identical anesthetic technique. A second control group of healthy volunteers older than 65 will be investigated to quantify practice effects with repeated testing of cognitive functions.

Patients will be screened at Intermountain Medical Center and at Intermountain-affiliated anticoagulation clinics in the Salt Lake City region. Patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation will be considered for study. After written informed consent is obtained, subjects who meet eligibility criteria will be randomized 1:1 to 2 treatment arms: Group 1: Dabigatran etexilate (150 mg BID if CrCL > 30 mL/min, or 75 mg BID if CrCL > 15 to 30 mL/min or per USPI; and Group 2: Warfarin (Dose-adjusted (INR 2.0 - 3.0). Assessment of kidney function every 6 months will be done for Group 1. Standard warfarin follow-up and education, based upon system criteria, will be done for Group 2. All subjects will be followed for 24 months, and will be assessed at 1-week, then 3-, 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-months post-anticoagulation visits as well as other visits deem necessary for clinical care. All subjects will undergo protocol-specified laboratory tests and will complete 6 standard, validated questionnaires at each follow-up visit following the week 1 visit, except at the 3-month visit when only one questionnaire will be administered. To determine brain volume and characteristic changes representative of micro-bleeding, the first 10 subjects in each treatment group who are willing and able to undergo the procedure will participate in a MRI sub-study. The cranial MRI will be done at baseline and at 24-months post-anticoagulation on this sub-group.

Patients assume that cognitive performance rapidly returns to baseline after anesthesia and surgery. Several studies have shown that one week after major non-cardiac surgery about 27% of patients have postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and 10% of patients at 3 months. Very few studies have assessed the incidence of POCD beyond 3 months. POCD significantly reduces quality of life. Identifying risk factors for POCD is important because it is associated with prolonged hospital stay, loss of independence, and premature retirement. There is an urgent need to measure and document the level of cognitive change associated with surgery with an easy to use tool, both prior to admission and after discharge. This information can be used to plan appropriate care paths and to identify or test the efficacy of potential new treatments to alter the negative trajectory.

At Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, the investigators have developed a novel curriculum for a 6-week psycho-educationally-based, cognitive behavioral program to help patients with subjective cognitive complaints after cancer treatment, titled Emerging from the Haze™ (Haze). Each series meets once a week for 2-2.5 hours for 6 weeks. The objective of this study is to quantify the impact of a trainee-taught Emerging from the Haze course on gynecologic cancer survivors' self-report of cognitive changes based on the change of FACT-Cog score.

This study is a group controlled clinical trial. Parallel study, patients aged 40-70 years, with Parkinson disease. Twelve sessions, three times a week, for 30 minutes, simultaneously to the rehabilitation program. Training will consist of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation linked dual-task exercises or dual-taks exercises with cognitive training, applied three times a week during four weeks. The investigators will used instruments: dual-task gait speed (Auditory Stroop Task ), executive function (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test , Auditory Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, Verbal Fluency Test and Montreal Cognitive Assessment), and, the objective is to examine task-dependency in enhancing the effects of tDCS-linked rehabilitation training on PD and the relationships between baseline outcomes in responders and non-responders to therapy.

Aim 1. To compare across three hospital sites the effects on health and cost outcomes observed by the following three interventions, each designed to enhance adaptation and improve outcomes of hospitalized cognitively impaired elders and their caregivers: augmented standard care (ASC) - standard hospital and, if referred, home care plus early identification of CI during the patients' hospitalization by trained registered nurses (RNs) with immediate feedback to patients' primary nurses, attending physicians and discharge planners; resource nurse care (RNC) - standard hospital and, if referred, home care plus early identification of CI during the patient's hospitalization by trained RNs and hospital care by RNs trained in the use of expert clinical guidelines developed to enhance the care management of hospitalized cognitively impaired elders and to facilitate their transition from hospital to home; or, advanced practice nurse care (APNC) - standard hospital care plus transitional (hospital to home) care substituting for standard home care and provided by APNs with advanced training in the management of CI patients using an evidence-based protocol designed specifically for this patient group and their caregivers. [H1] We hypothesize that health and cost outcomes with APNC, a comprehensive intervention designed to meet the unique needs of cognitively impaired older adults hospitalized for an acute medical or surgical event and their caregivers will be associated, relative to health and cost outcomes with ASC and RNC, with improvement in patient, caregiver and cost outcomes. [H2] We hypothesize that improvements in patient, caregiver and cost outcomes observed for the RNC group will be greater than those observed for the ASC group. Aim 2. To compare within each site and over time, health and cost outcomes (identified in Aim 1) from patients treated with either ASC or RNC, both relatively lower intensity interventions, with the outcomes of patients at the same site observed after switching to APNC, a high intensity intervention. [H3] We hypothesize that compared to patients receiving the ASC or the RNC interventions, patients at the same site will have improved patient, caregiver and cost outcomes after the site switches to APNC. [H4] We hypothesize that patient, caregiver and cost outcomes achieved by the groups receiving APNC interventions at T1 and T2 will be similar.

This study will determine the pathways between Mohawk cultural identification and specific behaviors related to pollutant exposure, and determine the effects of these factors and the pollutant exposure on physiologically and socially significant outcomes.

The purpose of this study is to determine if antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) differ in their neurodevelopmental effects. Specifically, do the children of the women with epilepsy differ in their behavioral and cognitive development depending on which AED their mother takes during pregnancy?

This study is a sub-study to the large pragmatic Target Temperature Management 2 Trial (TTM2-trial, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02908308), assessing effectiveness of controlled hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study is designed to provide detailed information on cognition after OHCA and its relationship to associated factors as emotional function, fatigue, and sleep. A secondary aim is to utilize this information to validate a neurocognitive screening battery used 6 months after OHCA in the TTM2-trial. Approximately 7 and 24 months after OHCA, survivors at selected TTM2 study sites will perform a standardized neuropsychological assessment including performance-based tests of cognition and questionnaires of behavioral and emotional function, fatigue, and insomnia. At 1:1 ratio, a control group of myocardial infarction (MI) patients but no occurrence of cardiac arrest will be recruited and perform the same test battery. Group differences at 7 and 24 months will be analyzed per cognitive domain (verbal, visual/constructive, short-term working memory, episodic memory, processing speed, executive functions). Results of the OHCA survivors on the TTM2 neurocognitive screening battery will be compared with neuropsychological test results at 7 months time.

Cognitive biases are a hallmark of depression but there is scarce research on whether these biases can be directly modified by using specific cognitive training techniques. The aim of this study will be targeting and modifying specifically relevant attention biases in participants with subclinical depression using eye-tracking methodologies. This innovative approach has been proposed as a promising future line of intervention in Attention Bias Modification procedures (Koster & Hoorelbeke, 2015). Recent findings suggest that depression is characterized by a double attentional bias (Duque & Vazquez, 2015), More specifically, depressed individuals have difficulties both to disengage from negative materials (e.g., sad faces) and to engage with positive materials (e.g., happy faces). Thus, training procedures to change attentional biases should target these two separate components.