Active clinical trials for "Cognitive Dysfunction"

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of three on-line wellness interventions for improving physical and cognitive function and brain connectivity in adults who are at least 55 years old and are experiencing symptoms of memory and/or cognitive difficulties.

Dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease affects approximately 5.6 million adults over age 65, with costs expected to rise from $307 billion to $1.5 trillion over the next 30 years. Behavioral interventions have shown promise for mitigating neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. Sleep is a modifiable health behavior that is critical for cognition and deteriorates with advancing age and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, it is a priority to examine whether improving sleep modifies Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and cognitive function. Extant research suggests that deeper, more consolidated sleep is positively associated with memory and executive functions and networks that underlie these processes. Preliminary studies confirm that time-in-bed restriction interventions increase sleep efficiency and non-rapid eye movement slow-wave activity (SWA) and suggest that increases in SWA are associated with improved cognitive function. SWA reflects synaptic downscaling predominantly among prefrontal connections. Downscaling of prefrontal connections with the hippocampus during sleep may help to preserve the long-range connections that support memory and cognitive function. In pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease, hyperactivation of the hippocampus is thought to be excitotoxic and is shown to leave neurons vulnerable to further amyloid deposition. Synaptic downscaling through SWA may mitigate the progression of Alzheimer's disease through these pathways. The proposed study will behaviorally increase sleep depth (SWA) through four weeks of time-in-bed restriction in older adults characterized on amyloid deposition and multiple factors associated with Alzheimer's disease risk. This study will examine whether behaviorally enhanced SWA reduces hippocampal hyperactivation, leading to improved task-related prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity, plasma amyloid levels, and cognitive function. This research addresses whether a simple, feasible, and scalable behavioral sleep intervention improves functional neuroimaging indices of excitotoxicity, Alzheimer's pathophysiology, and cognitive performance.

People with vascular conditions are at risk of having memory problems, and these memory problems increase the risk for further cognitive decline. Brain stimulation has been used to improve mood and memory. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is believed to work best on brain cells that are active or "primed" before stimulation. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of exercise and tDCS on memory performance in patients who have completed cardiac rehabilitation and are at risk of cognitive decline.

The investigators have developed a low-risk transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) treatment that has improved learning and performance in young adults up to nearly 4 times when compared with a sham control. This randomized pilot trial will determine if this same tES protocol improves memory in older adults (50-90 years old) who are healthy, and separately in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or early stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). TES will be applied to the right temple and left arm for up to 40 minutes. MRI images, along with other measures, may be obtained before and after tES. If effective, this intervention may help to improve the quality of life for AD patients and their families.

Neurocognitive decline is a health issue that is associated with ageing. It is often irreversible from the onset. The concomitant costs of neurocognitive decline could be potentially exponential if left unchecked. Therefore, there is a need to be able to delay the onset of age-related neurocognitive decline or possibly avoid it altogether. Previous studies have shown that there is a strong positive relationship between the fitness of neurocognitive function and cognitive training. More interestingly, recent studies also suggest that combining cognitive training with physical activity may result in a better outcome for neurocognitive function as compared to only cognitive training. Anchoring on the findings of those studies, the investigators aim to develop and evaluate the efficacy of a novel personalized multimodal brain computer interface (BCI) cognitive and physical training system for neurocognitive protection and enhancement in older adults. The current study employs a three-arm randomized-controlled trial approach. The investigators hypothesize that participants in the multimodal cognitive and physical training (mBCI) group will perform significantly better than the cognitive training-only BCI (nBCI) and active control (AC) groups on the Repeated Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) after an initial high-intensity 36 training session period from pre- to 12 weeks post-intervention. The investigators also hypothesize that the mBCI group will perform significantly better on the RBANS than nBCI or AC groups after the consecutive high- and low-intensity periods from pre- to 24-weeks post-intervention.

Xanamem is being developed as a potential treatment for symptomatic, early stages of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). This XanaCIDD Phase II study in MDD is to investigate the safety and efficacy of Xanamem™ in treating patients with cognitive and depressive symptoms. Trial participants will be randomized to either receive 10mg of Xanamem™ once daily or a Placebo at a 1:1 ratio in a double-blinded fashion.

The Clinical Trial will systematically examine the feasibility of remote, caregiver-led tACS for older adults with memory deficits and evaluate whether repeated tACS leads to sustained improvement of neuronal activity and memory functions.

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV2 (PASC), colloquially known as "long-COVID," is thought to affect between 10-30% of all COVID-19 survivors. Patients with PASC also report worsening behavioral health symptoms over time that include new-onset depression, anxiety, and even suicidal behavior. The purpose of this randomized, double-blind, controlled trial is to test the efficacy of a glutamate modulator among PASC patients suffering from new-onset or worsening of depressive symptoms.

This study will evaluate the effectiveness of a personalized, web-based training intervention that was developed to teach use of an Electronic Memory and Management Aid (EMMA) application. The app-based system is designed to support everyday memory, daily activity management and positive health behavior engagement for older adults with subjective cognitive complaints or mild cognitive impairment. The investigators will also evaluate the degree to which a clinician is needed to oversee the uptake and utilization of the EMMA app during the web-based training intervention.

This clinical trial aims to explore the effectiveness and safety of cognitive function improvement of Neuclare, a science medical device, for patients with mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease. Through methods such as Trail Making Test Black & White, Attention Questionnaire Scale(AQS), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), etc, cognitive function improvement before and after using Neuclare will be evaluated.