Active clinical trials for "Cognitive Dysfunction"

The investigators overall research hypothesis is that systemic chemotherapy induces structural changes in the white matter of the brain as demonstrated with Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and functional changes in well-defined cortical neural networks as demonstrated by resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI). The investigators believe these structural and functional changes are responsible for the cognitive symptoms associated with chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI). The Specific Aim for this study is: To assess the impact of chemotherapy on structural white matter as defined by DTI and functional cognitive networks as defined by rs-fcMRI by comparing a sample of breast cancer survivors with self-reported CICI to breast cancer survivors without CICI. Hypothesis: Post-chemotherapy breast cancer patients with self-reported CICI will have abnormal structural connections characterized by DTI-defined disruptions in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) and abnormal functional connectivity characterized by rs-fcMRI-defined disruptions in cognitive networks when compared to patients without self-reported CICI.

The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of using jaw-tapping training as a self-exercise for developing memory and preventing dementia in elderly subjects with memory disturbances using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is believed to be the early stage of dementia. The investigators assume that some psychological and imaging risks may predict the conversion. In the current longitudinal study, psychological and imaging data of people with MCI will be obtained at baseline, and will be followed at 26 weeks and 52 weeks. The predictors will be found in comparison with controls.

The purpose of the study is to examine specific neuroimaging predictors of memory and executive decline in older adults at various stages after total knee replacement surgery.

There are guidelines on the management of AD in China, the evidence adopted in the guidelines are mostly from the trials conducted in other countries due to very limited Chinese data available for local systematic review. Therefore, more local evidence on dementia care is needed for the development of an evidence-based guideline appropriate for people living in China. Meanwhile, the inadequate implementation of the current AD guideline, which results in the low diagnostic rate and high diagnostic leakage, may bring about extra barriers for AD patients to access dementia care service in different areas nationwide. However, there is no data on the clinical pathway about how physicians follow the dementia guideline in the routine practice. Therefore, research is needed to learn clinical diagnostic process and treatment patterns of physicians to people with AD in routine practice and help address the low accurate rate of AD clinical diagnosis and low anti-dementia drug prescription in the real world and support guideline development.

Interventional Study of Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia The main purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients and its time course. This study will first evaluate the preoperative cognitive function of elderly patients based on several criteria including complete patient history, laboratory and instrumental exams, and the following measures in order to identify conditions and pathologies that may influence cognitive function. Mini Mental State Examination Geriatric Index of Comorbidity Geriatric Depression Scale The following neuropsychological tests will be performed on the same day within 7 days of surgery (baseline): Trail Making Test B-A Digit Span Digit Symbol Substitution Test The three cognitive function assessments will be repeated at the following postoperative time points and the change from the preoperative baseline to each time will be evaluated: Day 2 (time point 1) Day 4 (time point 2) Between days 85 and 90 (time point 3) If the patient seems confused before the postoperative administration of these tests, the Neecham Confusion Scale will be used to evaluate the patient for the presence of postoperative delirium; if delirium is not detected, the cognitive function tests will be administered.

The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between cognitive impairment, patient self-management, health, and health service use in adults with heart failure (NYHA Class 2 and 3). The research questions are: How is cognitive impairment (memory, attention, global and executive function) related to various aspects of impaired self-management (knowledge of adherence, adherence to sodium restriction and medications, symptom monitoring of weight changes, and decision and action to seek care)? How are these relationships altered when adjusting for medical, demographic, and psychosocial factors? What are the relationships among degree of cognitive impairment, quality self-management, health status, and health service use?

Background: Many medical conditions such as Alzheimer s disease limit the ability of people to think clearly. For medical scientists to best study these medical conditions, they need to enroll some people who may not be able to consent to participate in research on their own. Before these individuals enroll in research it is important to assess whether they are able to consent or whether someone else will need to consent for them. The NIH Clinical Center has a team that performs these assessments. A team like this can be useful for two reasons. First, it helps to protect the rights of research participants. Second, it makes it possible to study medical conditions that could not be studied otherwise. In this study we will look back at the records of the NIH Clinical Center team to review the process and results of these assessments. We expect to learn how the capacity assessments were done. We will learn what factors make people more or less able to consent. We will learn who consented for the research participants when they could not consent on their own, for example a spouse or an adult child. These results are likely to be useful to other researchers who wish to study diseases that limit cognitive ability. Objective: To study the process and outcomes of capacity assessments of people who may not be able to consent to research. Eligibility: People of all ages, genders, races, ethnicities, and languages whose ability to consent was assessed at the NIH Clinical Center at some time during the years 1999-2016. Design: This study will only review existing records. There will not be any active participants. Records will be reviewed for research only. This will take place in the Clinical Center. It will be done by staff of the Department of Bioethics and the Human Subjects Protection Unit (HSPU). The study will collect data from the Bioethics Consult database. It will also collect data from HSPU records. Researchers will look at demographic data. They will look at details of capacity evaluations. Personal data will not be extracted from existing records.

The primary hypothesis that orthopaedic surgery induces a neuroinflammatory response within 48 hours after elective hip or knee surgery and that there is an association between exaggerated CNS inflammatory response or impaired inflammatory resolution and postoperative cognitive dysfunction within one week and at three months postoperatively.

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate whether cerebral oxygen saturation is associated with an increase of NPOBC in pediatric patients undergoing major surgery.