Active clinical trials for "Colorectal Neoplasms"

Systemic chemotherapy for metastatic colon cancer is often used in the neoadjuvant setting for patients undergoing liver resection. This treatment is given either to keep the tumor at bay or reduce its size before the time of resection. While many metastatic tumors might appear to respond well and even radiographically disappear following neoadjuvant therapy, it is unclear whether grossly or radiographically negative areas of previous disease are microscopically free of tumor cells. As such, when possible, resection boarders typically follow 1 cm margins from the tumor size prior to neoadjuvant therapy. These margins might be necessary to encompass all histologically present disease or they might be unnecessarily large, serving only to increase the mortality and morbidity of the operation. This study begins to address this question by a histological examination of the pattern of cell death in areas of metastases removed after neoadjuvant therapy. Furthermore, clinical cases in which neoadjuvant therapy allowed for resection of previously unresectable cancer will be examined to determine whether there is an increased rate of recurrence despite "negative" resection boundaries in these cases.

Colorectal cancer is a common disease worldwide. Increasing evidence is demonstrating that colorectal cancers arise from 'cancer stem cells.' Stem cells in the colon reside at the bottom of thousands of microscopic crypts throughout the wall of the colon. They create all the cells lining the bowel wall. These cells are created in the base of the crypt and ascend to the top acquiring the characteristics of mature cells of the bowel wall as they ascend. It is now thought that colorectal cancer cells arise from stem cells where the genetic material regulating growth and division of the stem cell has become defective. This leads to unregulated production of cells which in turn have defective genetic information and cancer formation. Prior studies have demonstrated that the earliest changes before a cancer develops are changes in cellular proliferation. Now that reliable markers to identify stem cells have been found, the researchers aim to investigate stem cell numbers and changes in distribution in those at normal risk of colorectal cancer and those at higher risk. The researchers hypothesise that changes in cellular proliferation at the top of the crypt in individuals at higher risk of colorectal cancer are due to a change in the number of stem cells in the crypt base.

Doctors will take some tissue from the tissue removed during surgery in order to study how the blood vessels of the tumor respond to radiation therapy. The tissue obtained will be used to determine how these tumor blood vessels respond to radiation therapy delivered to the tumor, after it has been removed. This radiation is delivered in the research lab. This research is being conducted in order to develop new methods to treat tumors by radiation therapy. No additional surgery will be performed to obtain these samples, and only materials that remain after all diagnostic testing has been completed will be used.

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States each year. Approximately one million veterans aged 50 and older will develop colorectal cancer over the remainder of their lives and nearly 433,000 will die from it. Because most cancers are diagnosed after local or regional spread, nearly half of all patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer will die. On a national basis, the relative five year survival with colorectal cancer was estimated at approximately 40% among veterans, substantially lower than SEER estimates in the general population of 61.7% (colon) and 59.3% (rectum). Colorectal cancer is preventable through screening, however and, if diagnosed in an early stage (Dukes' A and B), is curable. This is the first study to examine factors that might explain the worsened prognosis for veterans with colorectal cancer. If modifiable factors such as physician and patient delay in diagnosis, or poverty, explain the increased mortality among veterans, educational programs and interventions that improve the process of care associated with screening and diagnosis can be instituted.

The aim of the study is the determination of the zearalenone and its metabolites (α and β) level in the blood plasma and faeces of patients at increased risk of cancer, in relation to the nutrition data (FFQ) and information on the quality of life dependent on health (WHOQOL-BREF). The study is performer within the framework of the Polish Colonoscopy Screening Program. Within the study 100 volunteers between 50 and 65 years of age. while, the colonoscopies will be performed in Provincial Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn. Patients with positive test result, who have been diagnosed with polyps or cancer, will be assigned to risk group. The study has been approved by a local bioethics committee.

Screening programs have been associated with a substantial reduction in colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality through endoscopic resection of preneoplastic lesions and detection of early-stage invasive cancers. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared as a pandemic the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2. Since then, the SARS-CoV-2 have never stopped spreading, causing an unprecedented situation with highly restrictive considerations to be adopted by the majority of countries worldwide. Health-care facilities have been making an enormous effort to assist patients affected by COVID-19, while adopting measures to maintain a safe environment for patients and healthcare professionals. As a result, the usual workflow in endoscopy departments changed dramatically, leading to an increase in cancelled procedures, probably increasing the future burden of Colorectal Cancer due to delays in diagnosis.

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in historical cohorts. The pathways of oncogenesis of these CRCs, which are very different clinically from de novo CRCs, are currently unknown. The aim of our work is to identify specific molecular signatures of CRC occurring in the setting of IBD.

This is a retrospective, translational, proof-of-concept study on tumor biopsies done on patients affected by mCRC and exhibiting RAS mutation. For each patient it will be selected the tissue biopsies of primary tumour and of paired resected metastasis.

Endogenous breath VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) are present in various excreted biological materials (urine, blood, faeces an breath) and their analysis offers a possibility for cancer screening. Some of these VOCs are reversed in the venous blood stream and reach the lung alveoli where some of them are exhaled. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest tumours and is an important cause of cancer-related mortality. Colonoscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of CRC. Screening with fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is associated with a 13-18% CRC-mortality reduction. Aim of the study To compare the reliability of this breath analysis with Immunochemically-based Fecal Occult Blood Test.

TITLE: "Incidence of parastomal hernia: Randomized clinical trial comparing the longitudinal fascial incision (" Hepworth hitch ") vs. cruciate incision in the exteriorization of a end colostomy ". DESIGN: Randomized, open and parallel clinical trial so patients will be assigned to the cruciate incision group or longitudinal incision with a 1: 1 allocation ratio. POPULATION: Patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery a definitive end colostomy. OBJECTIVES: The main objective is to compare the parastomal hernia rate diagnosed by imaging at 2 years after surgery. Secondary objectives are: Clinically relevant parastomal hernia rate by physical examination 2 years after surgery. Incidence of postoperative complications related to the stoma (dehiscence, retraction, stenosis, necrosis, surgical revision, prolapse and special needs of care of the stoma in the immediate or late postoperative period); 3) Incidence of postoperative complications assessed according to the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) scale. 4) Ease / difficulty in the management of stomatherapy devices by patients using VAS (Visual Analogue Scale). DESCRIPTION OF THE INTERVENTION: An end colostomy without placement of a prophylactic mesh will be performed in all patients. In the group 1A, a longitudinal incision will be made in the anterior rectus fascia and in the posterior fascia, with two Prolene sutures at the ends of the incision of the anterior aponeurosis. In patients of group 1B, a cruciate incision will be made in the anterior rectus fascia, as well as in the posterior fascia. DURATION OF THE STUDY: The expected duration of the study is 3 years. PATIENT FOLLOW UP TIME: The planned follow-up time is 2 years. EXPECTED RECRUITMENT TIME: 12 months.