Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

This is a clinical sampling study, and no study drugs will be administered under this protocol. Premature infants who receive intravenous ganciclovir as part of clinical care will be eligible for participation in this study. Intravenous ganciclovir will not be provided under this protocol.

This is a prospective cohort study of persons tested for latent tuberculosis infection at either high risk for exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or high risk for progression to tuberculosis disease. The study will assess the relative performance and cost of three diagnostic tests for latent tuberculosis infection (tuberculin skin test, QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube, and T-SPOT.TB) and will examine the rates of positive results among the cohort. This study will also determine the risk and rate of progression to active TB disease, overall and by the results of the three tests.

This prospective observational study examines the associations of presence, duration, type, number and location of surgical drains with the risk of surgical site infections in a contemporary and multicentric cohort of general, orthopedic trauma and vascular surgery procedures.

Data extraction from bacteriological laboratory of Martinique University hospital to determine the frequency and the distribution of nosocomial infections due to Achromobacter xylosoxidans (ACHX), an emerging multi-resistant environmental bacteria. The specific tropical environment and climatic conditions in Martinique may favor ACHX development and the investigators suppose that this new opportunistic pathogen can represent a danger for hospitalized patients. The aim of our study is to describe the most affected population and try to identify the main environmental sources of contamination.

Implantation of joint prostheses is currently the second largest diagnosis-related group in the Danish health service, and in view of the demographic development and spread of lifestyle diseases, this type of intervention is expected to continue to increase. Unfortunately, 5% of patients experience significant discomforts and complications. The second most frequent and serious complication is infection. While the established laboratory analyses (culture of tissue biopsies) are good at diagnosing acute infections, they are not satisfactory to diagnose a large group of patients especially with chronic infections. This can lead to prolonged diagnosing time and even to wrong diagnosis. Several studies have shown that analyses of prosthetic parts and the use of molecular biological methods for detecting infecting microorganisms can significantly improve diagnostics accuracy. The purpose of this project is primarily to demonstrate that analyses of bacterial specific DNA (16S rRNA genes) can confirm or rule out infection as fast (or faster) as cultivation methods. Rapid clarification can promote targeted treatment and in order to demonstrate this, the trial is conducted as a randomized study. .

Web-based survey to colorectal surgeons assessing knowledge, beliefs and practices regarding the use of preventative measures for SSI.

The main objective of this project is to evaluate the agreement between nasopharyngeal and sputum specimens in terms of detection of viral infection in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) participants.This is a 12-month national, multicenter prospective study (7 centers). Inclusions concern CF participants (children or adults) with signs of acute respiratory infection seen in consultation or hospitalized in their CF Research Center. A molecular viral multiplex search is performed on both nasopharyngeal and expectoration collected samples for each included participant. Determination of viral detection agreement between the two CF respiratory samples is then performed.

This is a prospective randomized controlled study to the difference between using normal saline or betadine irrigation of wound prior to skin closure in reducing the incidence of wound infection after Cesarean section.

This study provides Hepatitis C virus screening to the members of the World Trade Center Health Program followed at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai born during 1945-1965, and linkage to care for those found infected. The study will also determine if exposure to human remains, blood and/or bodily fluids during the World Trade Center Health Program activities are associated with Hepatitis C virus infection. These findings would be relevant to the larger United States population, especially to persons born during 1945-1965 who are at high risk of Hepatitis C virus infection.

This study will investigate whether there is a population-level association between circulating respiratory viruses and NHS hospital admissions for acute vascular events using data from national infection surveillance and Hospital Episode Statistics.