Active clinical trials for "Postoperative Complications"

The primary objective of this study is to measure the prevalence of preoperative dehydration in elective major abdominal urologic surgery when we apply our daily standard operation procedures. Secondary objectives are to assess the impact of preoperative dehydration on postoperative outcome. The hypothesis is that preoperative dehydration leads to more postoperative complications.

The number of new cases of pancreatic cancer is 12.4 per 100,000 men and women per year. The number of deaths is 10.9 per 100,000 men and women per year. These rates are age-adjusted and based on 2009-2013 cases and deaths1. This cancer has a very poor prognosis and around 7.7% of these patients have a 5 years survival rate. Whipple procedure is the surgical treatment option for cancer pancreas, where the head of the pancreas, the gallbladder, part of the stomach, part of the small intestine, and the bile duct are removed.Those that undergoes this procedure, the 5 year survival rate increases to about 20%2. The duration of intensive care unit monitoring and hospital stay are longer than for most upper gastrointestinal surgeries. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is a major operation, carrying significant risk of morbidity and mortality with 30 - 60% complication rate3. The possibility of identifying patients at risk for postoperative complications and targeting them from surveillance and early treatment offers an opportunity to develop interventions that might significantly improve outcomes and efficiency. Gawande et al. developed and validated the surgical Apgar score (SAS) and demonstrated that SAS can be useful for rating the condition of patients after general or vascular surgery4. SAS is based on intraoperative blood loss, blood pressure, and heart rate3. The score is very simple and easy to calculate and can be available immediately after surgery. Several validation studies have reported that SAS is useful for predicting the risk of complications associated with various procedures4-10. We investigated this SAS could predict major postoperative complications among patients undergoing Whipples procedure in patients with pancreatic cancer.

This study may determine the incidence of complications that occur after patients undergo a surgery called Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA), which is a surgery that aims to decrease the risk of strokes in patients with a condition called carotid stenosis. Medical records will be accessed to find any information pertaining to postoperative complications. Additionally, it may determine the cognitive dysfunction of patients undergoing CEA, assessed by Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE).

RATIONALE: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be effective in repairing damaged tissue and reducing lymphedema caused by radiation therapy for cancer. PURPOSE: This randomized phase II trial is studying hyperbaric oxygen to see how well it works compared to standard therapy in treating chronic arm lymphedema in patients who have undergone radiation therapy for cancer.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most commonly reported adverse effects of anesthesia. The general incidence of vomiting is approximately 30%, nausea at 50% and the PONV rate can go up to 80% in high-risk patients without prophylaxis. Prevention of these episodes in high-risk patients improves satisfaction and well-being rates. Therefore, it becomes important the adequate control of PONV, aiming at the satisfaction of the patient with the procedure, lower costs for the health system as well as reduction of complications in the postoperative period. This study aims to evaluate the association of gabapentin or pregabalin with dexamethasone in reducing the incidence of PONV in high-risk patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries in the first 48 hours postoperatively as well as to assess side effects.

RATIONALE: A coloanal anastomosis may be effective in restoring bowel function after radiation therapy and surgery to remove the rectum. It is not yet known whether a J-pouch coloanal anastomosis is more effective than a side-to-end coloanal anastomosis in restoring bowel function in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who have undergone radiation therapy and surgery to remove the rectum. PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying how well J-pouch coloanal anastomosis works compared to side-to-end coloanal anastomosis in treating patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who have undergone radiation therapy and surgery to remove the rectum.

The aim of this research is to study the effect of probiotic supplements (Lactobacillus reuteri) on post-surgical complications and oral wound healing after extraction of impacted third molars.

The operation of the lower third molars is one of the most common oral surgery procedures in the world. The surgery is mostly done in local anesthesia which makes the surgery as pleasant as possible for the patient. In addition to anesthesia control, it is also extremely important to insure postoperative pain control since that is the nuisance that patients are most likely to complain about after oral surgery. It has been noticed that magnesium added to local anesthetics can improve and prolong its effect, but also reduce postoperative pain and accelerate recovery. It can also be used as an auxiliary to control pain and inflammation, which is why we will use it in this study, because we have not been able to find magnesium data in the literature for the removal of the lower third molars. Studies that have already been conducted with oral magnesium are for the purpose of preventing asthma, migraine, for reducing mood swings in PMS, reducing pain after endotracheal intubation, and many others. Removal by using operative procedure is the only way to remove lower third molars. The main objective of the study is to demonstrate the influence of the orally received magnesium citrate (before and after surgical removal of the lower third molar) on the quality and duration of the anesthetic block and also its effect on postoperative pain control. Other specific objectives are to investigate the effect of pre/postoperatively received magnesium on: swelling stage after surgery. time occurrence and duration of anesthesia. trismus stage after the operative procedure. the total amount of analgetics taken after surgery Benefits for the respondents will be in the assumption that the anesthetic block of the mandibular nerve will last longer with better quality, thus making the surgical procedure more pleasant and that the overall postoperative pain will be lessened and recovery faster in the magnesium citrate group. We also assume that in the magnesium citrate group trismus will be less pronounced and that swelling in postoperative days will be smaller.

RATIONALE: The use of axillary drains may help to prevent complications following axillary lymph node dissection. PURPOSE: This randomized clinical trial is comparing three methods of axillary drainage to see how well they work following lymph node dissection in women with stage I or stage II breast cancer.

Patients lose a significant amount of muscle following major abdominal surgery. This is partly due to a catabolic response to the surgical insult and inflammation, but is also probably due to a lack of muscle use secondary to immobility. This study will aim to assess whether some or even all of postoperative muscle loss in the upper leg muscle group is preventable through electrical muscle stimulation to mimic physical activity.