Active clinical trials for "Coronary Artery Disease"

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether biomarkers of cell senescence and aging can predict the development of acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery.

Background: We determined the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane for maintaining bispectral index (BIS) below 50 (MACBIS50) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass phase. Method: Fifteen patients, American Society of Anestesiology physical status III or IV, aged 40-70, undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting, were enrolled in our study. The predetermined target end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was maintained for at least ten minutes during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass phase. BIS values were then recorded at an interval of 10 s for 1 min. The dial settings were adjusted to attain an end-tidal sevoflurane concentration of 1% in the first patient. If a given patient had an average BIS of < 50, the sevoflurane concentration was reduced by 0.1% in the subsequent patient, whereas if a given patient had a BIS ≥ 50, the sevoflurane concentration was increased by 0.1% in the next patient. MACBIS50 was calculated using the midpoint concentration of patients involving a crossover according to the up-down method. Average of the crossover midpoints in each pair defined effective dose 50. Data were also analyzed by a logistic regression test to obtain the probability of BIS < 50 versus end-tidal sevoflurane concentration. Result: MACBIS50 of sevoflurane was 0,82% (95% confidence intervals: 0,47-1,16) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass phase. Conclusion: MACBIS50 determined in this study was 15% lower compared to MACBIS50 in middle-aged adults after tracheal intubation.

The purpose of this study is to find an association between a protein named Podocan and WNT pathway regulatory molecules in patients with different forms of Coronary Artery Disease (Acute Coronary syndrome, Stable Angina and Coronary Artery Restenosis). It has been found in experimental studies that this protein is regulating smooth muscle cell function and hence may be influencing the progression of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). We are testing to see if the same regulatory function exists in human subjects. Studying patient's blood will possibly enable to identify an association between Podocan and CAD. This may help to better prevent and treat CAD with improved understanding of the mechanism of the disease. No drugs or other therapeutic interventions will be used for the purpose of the research study. Only blood samples will be collected in the cardiac catheterization lab. As a part of this study participants will be followed for repeat events or repeat cardiac catheterization over a period of 24 months.

This is a single center, prospective study: The 'CardioGard Cannula' Gaseous emboli capture results - shows an improvement from the control group.

The application of sex-gender medicine is strongly recommended by World Health Organization and other international organization. In fact, it is emerging that, although men and women are affected to the same cardiovascular diseases (CVD), however they have different risk factors, disease progression and response to pharmacological and not-pharmacological treatments. Consequentially, the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic approaches taking into account sex gender differences (SGD) is relevant to develop a really evidence-based medicine. With the aim of translate in clinical setting the more recently available basic research evidences on estrogens and androgens balance involvement in modulation of ischemia-reperfusion myocardial damage, the investigators planned to conduct a research study on patients, affected by suspected or known ischemic heart disease (IHD) undergoing angiography and/or percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), aged more than 18 years of both sex in ratio 1:1. Thus, in this setting, the goals of this proposal are: To assess the sex-gender difference in entity of microvascular reperfusion damage in patients with IHD undergoing urgent or elective PCI; To evaluate estrogen/androgen-dependent and -independent effects in gender-related differences on myocardial ischemia reperfusion damage occurring during PCI; To investigate the differences in terms of platelet biology between men and women affected by IHD undergoing urgent or elective PCI, matched for age and clinical cardiovascular and metabolic characteristics; To verify sex-driven interplay between response to PCI procedure, platelet function, sex hormones and entity of reperfusion and myocardial damage, as well as, the impact on clinical outcomes during a 1-year follow up. This research study wants to explore and consequently elucidate biological mechanisms responsible for sex-based differences in vivo human models of ischemia reperfusion myocardial damage. Moreover, the investigators expected to clarify the impact of biological variables evaluated on clinical outcomes after reperfusion therapeutic intervention.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate if the use of a phone based motivational interviewing among minority populations who received a coronary stent can improve adherence to antiplatelet agents from approximately 51% to 66% (15 percentage point increase) at 12 months post stent placement when compared to a mailed educational DVD.

Vascular stenosis as a result of neointimal hyperplasia is a major clinical problem that has an impact on multiple and diverse disciplines, including cardiology (coronary restenosis), cardiothoracic and vascular surgery (saphenous vein and polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] graft failure), neurology (carotid stenosis), nephrology (dialysis access dysfunction), and transplant medicine (chronic allograft rejection in hearts and kidneys). [1] In marked contrast to the deleterious effects of smooth muscle progenitor cells on neointimal hyperplasia, circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are believed to play an important role in vascular repair and in the inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia. [2] Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) circulate in adult peripheral blood and contribute to neovascularization. Satoshi et al. have demonstrated that lineage-committed EPCs and CD34-positive mononuclear cells, their putative precursors, are mobilized during an acute ischemic event in humans. [3] Reduced levels of circulating EPCs independently predict atherosclerotic disease progression, thus supporting an important role for endogenous vascular repair to modulate the clinical course of coronary artery disease. [4] These observations prompt the hypothesis that circulating EPCs may provide an endogenous repair mechanism to counteract surgery-induced endothelial cell injury and to replace dysfunctional endothelium perioperatively. Therefore, the investigators examined whether levels of circulating EPCs correlate with time course and outcomes of coronary artery bypass surgery to establish a clinical role of endogenous endothelial repair mediated by circulating EPCs.

The purpose is to investigate how the adsorptive capacity of the active carbon filter to carbon dioxide in an anaesthetic gas reflector (AnaConDa) is affected by adding inhaled anaesthetic agent. The hypothesis is that addition of inhaled anaesthetic agent will affect the amount of adsorption of carbon dioxide to the active carbon and thereby affect rebreathing of carbon dioxide.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart attacks pose a serious health risk to men and women, however little information is available about how evidence-based therapies are incorporated appropriately into routine clinical practice in China. In addition, basic data and evidence about safety and efficacy of treatment for AMI is limited. By consecutively recruiting AMI patients in 40 hospitals of different levels, this study will examine various real-life factors, that may affect patients recovery after a heart attack. Practical guidelines and risk model for AMI patients will be established based on the findings, to improve patients outcomes in future finally.

The aim of the Atahualpa project is to evaluate the cardiovascular (CVH) status of the inhabitants of a rural village of coastal Ecuador as well as to determine the prevalence and retrospective incidence of stroke and ischemic heart disease. The protocol may be used as a pilot for large-scale studies attempting to evaluate the CVH of rural or even urban centers of Latin America, to implement cost-effective strategies directed to reduce the burden of stroke and cardiovascular diseases in the population at large.