Active clinical trials for "Diabetes Insipidus"

The purpose of this research study is to determine if two investigational medications will be more effective in decreasing urine output than the currently available and routinely used medications in patients with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI).

Trauma patients, who are transfused with multiple blood products to treat shock due to blood loss, frequently develop inappropriately low vasopressin levels. Vasopressin is a hormone necessary to maintain an adequate blood pressure and low levels have been associated with the need for increased transfusions, vasopressors and additional morbidity. Vasopressin is routinely used in the ICU to treat septic shock and other disease processes resulting in decreased vasopressin levels and low blood pressure. This study will investigate the potential benefit of early vasopressin supplementation during the resuscitation of trauma patients and the applicability of using copeptin as a vasopressin biomarker. Trauma patients who receive 6 or more units of blood product within 12 hours of arrival will be randomized to receive a vasopressin bolus plus infusion or a similar volume of a placebo (normal saline) for 48 hours. Serial blood samples will be taken for 5 days post-injury. Clinical and demographic data will be recorded prospectively.

Lithium remains the gold-standard treatment for bipolar disorder, with 30-40% of patients with responding preferentially to this medication. Additionally, lithium is commonly used in treatment-resistant depression, and other psychiatric disorders (e.g. schizoaffective disorder). Lithium is especially valuable considering the great difficulty in achieving and maintaining symptomatic remission, the high rates of disability, as well as tremendous personal, family, and societal costs associated with bipolar disorder and treatment-resistant depression. Despite this, clinicians are increasingly avoiding lithium, largely due to fear of irreversible chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in North America. It is well known that lithium exposure, even when dosed safely (<1.0mmol/L in adults 11 and <0.8mmol/L in geriatric patients 12,13), can increase the risk of CKD by 3 times, in large part through Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) 14-19. NDI itself has also been associated with acute kidney injury 20, and life-threatening hypernatremia, which is an electrolyte imbalance characterized by high levels of blood sodium. Aside from hypertension, diabetes mellitus, aging, and other nonspecific CKD risk factors. NDI is characterized by excessive thirst (polydipsia) due to increased production of dilute urine (polyuria). In NDI, lithium is believed to interact with the inositol monophosphate and protein kinase C pathways, thereby affecting calcium-related intracellular signaling, cyclic AMP (cAMP), inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta (GSK3Beta), activation of MAP Kinase and many other pathways. NDI occurs commonly in lithium users: 50% of chronic lithium users have urinary concentrating difficulties, with 12-19% have decreased urine osmolality (UOsm) <300mOsm/Kg). To date, amiloride (5-20mg/day) is the only medication with prior evidence of therapeutic effectiveness in NDI from randomized clinical trials. However as a potassium-sparing diuretic 31, amiloride can lead to lithium-level elevations, and can thereby theoretically increase the risk of lithium-associated CNS and acute renal toxicity. There is a need for novel, well-tolerated agents for the treatment of lithium-induced NDI. We recently demonstrated that statins, which are well-tolerated and commonly used medications, are associated with low lithium-induced NDI risk in the first and only previous cross-sectional study examining statins and NDI in humans (n=71) 33. In this study we examined current lithium users aged 20-95, who had a mean lithium duration and serum lithium level of 10.6 years and 0.62mmol/L, respectively. Patients were assessed for UOsm following 10-hour water-restriction, a reliable measure of NDI. We found that 0% (0/17) of statin users compared to 20.4% (11/54) on non-users had UOsm <300mOsm/Kg following 10-hour water-restriction (Fisher's Exact p=0.055). The main statin prescribed in our previous study was atorvastatin 10-40mg/day (n=10) 33, which is the most widely used statin for cardiovascular disease. Atorvastatin and other statins are well-tolerated and have not been found to have adverse effects on mood, cognition, or renal function. The mechanism by which statins may treat NDI is not yet known, but two independent mice studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of statins in treating genetic forms of NDI. In those mice models of genetic NDI, prostaglandin and intracellular cytoskeleton proteins pathways were thought to explain statins' activity on NDI. In preparation for this project, our co-investigators Drs. Trepiccione and Christensen have initiated a pilot study in mice to investigate whether atorvastatin treatment could improve the lithium-induced NDI. NDI was induced in 10 mice by feeding mice with a LiCl-enriched diet for 15 days. After induction of NDI, a group of mice received intraperitoneal injection of atorvastatin (n=5) and a control group received vehicle (n=5) for additional 5 days in parallel with continued lithium treatment. Although our small statistical sample do not allow us to reach significance, (n=5 per group), the mice receiving atorvastatin showed a tendency to reduce polyuria. In line with this research, our present research protocol aims at conducting a randomized controlled trial investigating a statin, such as atorvastatin, in the treatment of lithium-induced NDI.

To determine the long-term safety and tolerability of SR121463B in patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic secretion (SIADH). To assess the long-term efficacy of SR121463B in maintaining normal levels of serum sodium in patients with SIADH. Long term safety is evaluated further in an open label extension study with flexible doses of satavaptan.

This pilot study will investigate the association between levels of the peptide copeptin and response to tolvaptan, a drug that blocks the action of the water retaining hormone vasopressin. The study will enroll stable outpatients with CHF with reduced LVEF (≤45) selected by targeting upper and lower quartile copeptin levels at screening (10 each). The treatment phase of the study will be a prospective, single-arm, open label protocol. All patients will receive active therapy consisting of a single oral dose of 30 mg of tolvaptan with body weight, fluid intake, and urine output monitored in a research unit for 24 hours. For analysis of study endpoints, patients in the single intervention arm will be stratified by a prospectively determined cut-point of copeptin level into two groups (≥10 versus <10 pmol/L). The copeptin level used for the two group stratification will be the blinded copeptin value obtained at baseline from the hospital phase prior to administration of tolvaptan.

Patients who present to clinic or in the outpatient setting with worsening heart failure represent a unique opportunity for novel approaches to decongestion (removing fluid) that may more rapidly improve fluid status and symptoms as well as reduce the risk of hospitalization. In these patients with less severe congestion (fluid overload), combining the vasopressin antagonist tolvaptan with loop diuretics (or fluid pills like furosemide/bumetanide/torsemide) may represent a more effective strategy for decongestion. In addition, looking at patients' copeptin levels may help identify those who are more likely to respond to tolvaptan.

To assess the efficacy of SR121463B in correcting hyponatremia in patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic secretion (SIADH).To assess the long-term efficacy of SR121463B in maintaining normal levels of serum sodium in patients with SIADH. To assess the safety and tolerability of SR121463B in patients with SIADH. The double blind period is followed by an open label extension study with flexible doses of satavaptan.

This study is to evaluate copeptin values after the subcutaneous injection of glucagon in adults (healthy volunteers and patients with diabetes insipidus or primary polydipsia). It is to investigate whether glucagon stimulates the release of copeptin as a surrogate of vasopressin.

Acute chest pain is commonly known to be the classic symptom of acute myocardial infarction. Of the many patients which visit the Emergency Department because of chest pain, less than half do actually suffer from an acute myocardial infarction or acute myocardial ischemia. In some patients the acute myocardial infarction can be diagnosed at admission, either because of typical changes in their ECG (STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction)or because of increased levels of the laboratory value Troponin in their blood (NSTEMI, Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction). Troponin is currently the most important marker to diagnose acute myocardial infarction. Unfortunately a lot of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome do not show any ECG or Troponin changes. These patients pose a major problem in emergency medicine as they need to precautionally be admitted to a chest pain unit and to be started on medical treatment until a second Troponin test after 6-9 hours is available. In this study, we investigate the biomarker Copeptin. Copeptin has shown excellent results in diagnostic clinical trials assessing its use in various acute diseases. There are three important trials showing an excellent negative predictive value of Copeptin in combination with Troponin in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (Reichlin et al., JACC, 2009; Keller et al. JACC, 2010, Giannitsis et al. Clin Chem 2011). This trial compares two processes of managing patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the standard process according to current guidelines and the experimental process integrating copeptin as a rule-out marker for acute myocardial infarction into management decisions. Main Hypothesis: Patients with suspected ACS who test negative for Troponin and negative for Copeptin at their initial presentation to the ED can safely be discharged (interventional process). They will not experience more major cardiac adverse events than patients who were managed by standard practise (control process)within 30 days after admission. The Investigators want to test Copeptin in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome in whom the ECG is unspecific and the initial Troponin test is negative. Further patient care will be based on the Copeptin result. Patients with a negative Copeptin will be discharged into the ambulant care of resident cardiologists.Copeptin positive patients will be managed according to standard guidelines for the management of patients with ACS.

The investigators evaluated the effect of pre-biopsy treatment with 1-deamino-8-D-arginine (DDAVP) on the incidence of post-biopsy bleeding complications. This is a IV phase single centre, double blind, randomized controlled study in patients, with acute and chronic nephropathy, undergoing ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy.