Active clinical trials for "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"

Compare the effect of the HEALT[e]TEEN program and a HEALTH[e]TEEN plus coping skills training delivered to high school students on BMI, nutrition and physical activity behaviors, and self-efficacy over 6 months.

The study investigates whether a caloric restricted dietary regime can prevent onset and/or progression of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal obesity, through the amelioration of concomitant metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and inflammation, possible risk factors for the onset of kidney disease. The main aim of the study is therefore to evaluate the renoprotective effect of caloric restriction (CR) on subjects at risk of nephropathy. Secondary aim is to better understand how dietary implementation can modulate renal disease and its associated metabolic abnormalities.

This will be an open-label, non-randomized, multi-center, patient sponsored study of Adipose-Derived Stromal vascular fraction cells implantation via intravenous infusion. The intent of this clinical study is to answer the questions: 1) Is the proposed treatment safe and 2) Is treatment effective in improving the disease pathology of patients with diagnosed Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: The investigators know that exercise helps children develop strong bones and muscles and generally stay healthy. What is unclear however, is how much exercise a child needs to lower their risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Objective: The investigators will try to find out whether high-intensity exercise for a short-period of time is better than moderately intense exercise for improving the diabetes risk profile in teens who are at risk for type 2 diabetes. The working hypothesis is that exercise-mediated improvements in insulin sensitivity (a risk factor for diabetes) will be greater following vigorous intermittent physical activity than following low intensity physical activity in overweight adolescents 13-18 yrs at risk for T2DM. Brief Description of Research Project: Teenagers between the ages of 13 and 18 yrs, who are at risk for type 2 diabetes (either by their family history or an abnormal response to sugar) will be randomly assigned to one of two activity groups or a control group. The activity groups will have supervised exercise sessions 3 to 5 days per week for 6 months. One group will do high-intensity exercise, and the other will do lower-intensity exercise. We will measure how sensitive their body is to insulin and the amount of fat in their muscle and liver tissue at the beginning and end of the exercise intervention.

Patients with diabetes have worse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures, compared to those patients without diabetes. They are at increased risk of death, heart attack, or needing further procedures due to renarrowing of their coronary narrowings after implantation of a coronary stent. Studies have suggested that poor control of diabetes may be partly responsible for these poor outcomes. Thiazolidinedione drugs, such as pioglitazone, can improve the diabetes control and make the patient more sensitive to the effects of insulin. Preliminary studies suggest that pioglitazone may also help prevent renarrowing after PCI. This study was a pilot study designed to determine whether more aggressive treatment of the diabetes with the routine use of the drug pioglitazone (30mg/day for 6 months), in addition to the patient's usual diabetic medications adjusted to optimize their diabetic control (get glycated hemoglobin < 7%), could reduce the amount of tissue buildup within the stent after 6 months, compared to a group less aggressively treated without pioglitazone and their usual medications for diabetes. An intravascular ultrasound probe was used to assess the extent of tissue buildup within the stent and this was performed immediately after the PCI as a baseline and repeated after 6 months of therapy. The investigators hypothesize that the more aggressive diabetic treatment with pioglitazone would reduce the extent of tissue growth within the stent after 6 months of therapy.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether acarbose therapy can reduce cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) who have established coronary heart disease (CHD) or acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A secondary objective of the study is to determine if acarbose therapy can prevent or delay transition to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in this patient population.

The primary objective of the study is to assess the clinical utility of a genetic test for Type 2 diabetes risk in combination with standardized risk assessment compared with standardized risk assessment alone, and to measure whether changes in perceived risk following genetic testing for Type 2 diabetes risk are correlated with behavior change and increased concern about risk for Type 2 diabetes.

Many studies showed that soy foods or soy isoflavones can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), osteoporosis and some cancers, but few human studies assessed effects of purified isoflavone components (genistein and daidzein) on glucose metabolism. This double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial will examine the effects of purified genistein and daidzein on glucose metabolism in prediabetic or diabetic women. One hundred and eighty eligible women age 30-70 years(without any treatment of diabetic drugs) will be recruited and randomly allocated into the following three arms: Placebo (10g isolated soy protein, ISP); Genistein (10g ISP + 50mg genistein); Daidzein (10g ISP + 50mg daidzein) per day for 6 mo. Fasting glucose, lipids, insulin, inflammation marks and post-load for glucose and insulin will be determined at 0, 3th, and 6th month. Changes in these indices will be compared among the three groups.

The body of evidence regarding the health benefits of green tea has grown considerably during the last decade and includes antioxidant properties, anti- cancer, anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects. There has been evidence that green tea extract favorably affect body weight and body fat and has positive effects on blood glucose control Aim of this study is to investigate the short term effect (3-day)of TEAVIGO (high in the catechin EGCG) on postprandial fat oxidation during different phases of the postprandial period in overweight subjects. Secondly, in a subset of volunteers changes in lipolysis and glucose metabolism will be studied in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.

The investigators recent epidemiologic work in several national surveys and cohorts of men and women have shown that dietary patterns high in plant-based foods and phytochemicals are associated with lower plasma levels of insulin, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein, and reduced risk of type 2 DM and CHD. While the physiologic impact of different foods on serum glucose and insulin is of critical importance, the extent to which specific dietary nutrients can modify insulin resistance is not well understood. Magnesium is a biologically active constituent in whole-grain, green leafy vegetables, and nuts and appears to play an essential role in hundreds of physiologic processes in humans. However, it remains uncertain whether magnesium intake can exert effects on insulin sensitivity and inflammation. Moreover, little is known of the extent to which magnesium intake elicits changes in the expression levels of key genes responsible for glucose homeostasis and systemic inflammation. The ultimate clinical question is whether magnesium supplementation would be clinically effective for the improvement of metabolic disorders in not yet diabetic but high-risk individuals, especially those who are susceptible to insulin resistance. Therefore, as a direct follow up on our previous work in studying the health benefits of plant-based foods such as whole grains, fruits and vegetables, we propose a pilot randomized trial to unravel the metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects of magnesium supplementation versus placebo among overweight individuals with the metabolic syndrome who are particularly prone to the adverse effects of magnesium deficiency. Recent advancements in molecular genetics and genomic technologies have also enabled us to analyze the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously in different experimental conditions. The application of high throughput microarray technology in randomized-controlled setting when analyzed with novel statistical methods, will not only help our understanding of nutrient-disease relations, but also afford the investigators the opportunity to gain important insight into the molecular mechanism for complex biological systems of inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic abnormalities in response to nutrition intervention.