Active clinical trials for "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"

Gastric bypass surgery has in many studies shown total remission of type 2 diabetes as early as 1 - 2 days after surgery and this is before any real weight loss has occurred. This suggest that the remission of the diabetes is due to the direct effect of the operation more that the secondary effect of the weight loss. The reason for the major effect on the glucose metabolism after gastric bypass surgery is still unaccounted for. This PhD. project will try to unveil some of the mechanisms that could explain the effect of gastric bypass surgery on the glucose metabolism seen in patients with type 2 diabetes. The hypothesis of the study is that a factor "X" will course the remission of the diabetes. This factor "X" is related to the anatomic changes of the gastro intestinal tract, by eliminating the foods passage through the distal part of the ventricle and the duodenum, in combination with the Roux- en-Y sling. The PhD. project will consist of clinical trails on patients that will undergo gastric bypass surgery. The studies will take place before and within the 1. week after surgery. The investigators will measure different hormones and adipokines in fast and the postprandial state. To discover possible new proteins the investigators will run proteomic on some samples. All the results will be compared to the same parameter on patients undergoing gastric banding, where the anatomy of the intestine hasn't been changed.

This observational study is conducted in Europe. The study aims to observe the incidence of serious adverse drug reactions in subjects with type 2 diabetes during Levemir® treatment.

This study is conducted in Europe. The aim of this observational study is to observe the efficacy of Levemir® treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes in everyday clinical practice in Switzerland. Furthermore the time period between diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and insulin initiation is evaluated.

The incretin effect is markedly reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes. Data support the notion that this deficiency is a consequence of the diabetic state. However, the impact of insulin resistance on the incretin effect in obese individuals who uphold a normal glucose tolerance (NGT) despite their insulin resistant state remains to be elucidated. The primary aim of the present study is to evaluate the separate impact of one of the cornerstones of type 2 diabetic pathophysiology, namely insulin resistance, on the incretin effect in lean and obese patients with type 2 diabetes and in two matched normal-glucose tolerant groups of healthy control subjects.

This study is conducted in Europe and Asia. The aim of this observational study is to evaluate the effectiveness and the incidence of serious adverse reactions while using Levemir®, NovoMix® and/or NovoRapid® in subjects with type 2 diabetes that have not used insulin previously under normal clinical practice conditions.

The purpose of the study is to learn how blood vessel function is altered by diabetes. We are studying an investigational drug, Ebselen, to see if it can improve the ability of blood vessels to relax (widen).

This study is conducted in Europe. The aim of this observational study is to investigate the effect of switch from other basal insulin treatments to Levemir® on body weight in obese diabetic patients. A local extension will be conducted in Slovenia in order to reach the planned 400 patients for the sub-analysis of Slovenian patients. Included in the study is a retrospective part to evaluate the weight progress since initiation of insulin treatment of another basal insulin and/or oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) and/or bolus insulin therapy. Retrospective data will be collected at baseline and at approximately 6 and 12 months before starting insulin detemir therapy.

This study is conducted in Asia. The aim of this observational study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of insulin detemir as add-on therapy in type 2 diabetic patients who are using oral antidiabetic drugs.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, absolute or relative insulin deficiency, hyperglucagonemia, increased hepatic glucose production, frequently accelerated gastric emptying and obesity. The known effects of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on the metabolism are stimulation of insulin secretion, inhibition of glucagon secretion and hepatic glucose production, reduction in gastric emptying and modulation of the appetite. T2DM have disturbances in this system, providing a rationale for therapeutic use of GLP-1 in T2DM. Furthermore, GLP-1 seems to exert trophic effects on the beta-cell. Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors represent a new class of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents for the treatment of T2DM. The therapeutic utility of these antihyperglycemic agents rests on their ability of to increase active (intact) levels of incretin peptides, including GLP-1 and GIP. Twenty four T2DM volunteers will be evaluated by a meal tolerance test (MTT) for incretin hormone measurements, and by the hyperglycemic clamp followed by an arginine test for assessing the beta-cell function and the acute insulin response. Others parameters as body composition and basic biochemistry will be also evaluated at Laboratory of Investigation on Metabolism and Diabetes - LIMED / State university of Campinas, Brazil. T2DM in elderly are behaving differently. Elderly patients have no increase in liver production of glucose; when obese, have normal insulin secretion, however, display extreme resistance to its action. In non obese individuals, the concentration of glucose necessary for insulin secretion is increased and the action is standard. These findings suggest therefore that the approach should be differentiated treatment for these individuals.

This is a single-center, Phase 2, randomized, double-blind, 3-way crossover meal study in participants with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) to determine the optimum dose and compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) and postprandial glycemic response of Humalog alone, Humalog + recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 (rHuPH20), and Humulin-R + rHuPH20 administered subcutaneously.