Active clinical trials for "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"

Betatrophin is a newly identified hormone that promotes pancreatic beta cell proliferation, improves glucose tolerance and regulates lipids metabolism. A recent study showed that circulating concentrations of betatrophin doubled in type 1 diabetes. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of serum betatrophin levels with the progression of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and the level of betatrophin in gestational diabetes patients and pregnant women.

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an unfavorable metabolic profile in several observational studies. However, the influences of vitamin D concentrations on postprandial glucose in type 2 diabetes (DM) are less studied. The purposes of the study are to study the effects of vitamin D inadequacy on postprandial glucose excursion and metabolic responses in patients with type 2 DM. This is a cross-sectional study. About 150-180 patients will be screened for serum levels of 25(OH)D. A total of 45 eligible patients will be grouped into three groups by different vitamin D status: vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D insufficiency, and the controls. The patients will receive a mixed meal test for postprandial glucose excursion and metabolic responses. The investigators will use statistical methods to assess the differences in post-challenge glucose and metabolic response among the three groups of patients. The investigators hope the study can explore the relationship between vitamin D and glucose excursion in patients with type 2 DM.

Abstract: Background: Obesity is a global pandemic affects all age groups and is independent risk factors for most chronic diseases. Dietary intervention is an essential component of obesity management. Dietary fibre supplements have the potential to facilitate weight reduction based on their viscosity. Up to date, the evidence of effects of some fibres on weight is inadequate, and literature provides insufficient information about the effects of the fibre viscosity in weight management. Objective: Two systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of viscous fibres, (agar, alginate, b-glucan from oat and barley, guar gum, glucomannan, pectin, PGX, psyllium), on body weight reduction. Methods: Only randomised controlled trials are accepted. The trails must have one of the selected fibres as a supplement, and the outcomes must have body weight, BMI, waist circumference, or body fat percentage. Studies shorter than 4 weeks are excluded. Three databases, (Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane library), were searched through 04/03/2016. Results: After removing duplicates, 82 studies will be reviewed in full. Significance: This meta-analysis is the first meta-analysis that is based on fibre viscosity, and it will quantify the effect of each fibre in improving weight loss. It will also direct future research in the best direction to further explore this area.

This is a pre-and-post study with a study duration of one year involving 7 diabetes centres in Hong Kong. A group of motivated patients with type 2 diabetes will be trained as peer supporters in two training workshops. Patients who may benefit from peer support program will be recruited as peers. In the one year study period, peer supporters are required to have 2 face-to-face interviews and 12 phone calls. Clinical parameters and psycho-behavioral parameters of both peer supporters and peers will be evaluated at the baseline and at the end of the study.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether an increase in lipid bodies in leukocytes will lead to an increase in eicosanoid production. The 2nd purpose is to determine if there is a significant correlation between lipid body formation and enhanced generation of both Lipoxygenase (LO) and COX derived eicosanoids. The 3rd purpose is, if lipid bodies are involved in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, then AA present in these lipid rich structure must be released by phospholipases and the free Arachidonic Acid (AA) must have access to the eicosanoid forming enzyme. The fourth objective is to determine the compartmentalisation of cPLA2 and MAP kinases including ERK1, ERK2, p85 and p38 are involved in AA liberation within lipid bodies.

A PRoBE design study will be used to obtain saliva from patients before undergoing blood study evaluation for screening at risk patients for the presence of undiagnosed pre-diabetes of type II diabetes. Pre-specified saliva biomarkers will be evaluated along with multi-marker models for their discriminatory value for distinguishing patients with normal glucose metabolism from those with disease. Appropriate housekeeping genes will also be incorporated to allow for the measurement of relative gene expression.

With the emerging worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes, dietary recommendations to improve diabetes management have been emphasized in the scientific community. Particular attention has been drawn to various benefits of replacing saturated fatty acids with unsaturated fatty acids. Alpha-linolenic acid, the only omega-3 fatty acid that is from plant sources, has been suggested by animal and cell studies to play a beneficial role in regulating blood glucose levels. However, human studies have been more inconsistent with their findings. The focus of this project is to investigate the evidence in the context of ALA and blood glucose parameters in participants with type 2 diabetes by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a person-centred digital intervention in primary healthcare for people with T2D, in addition to their usual diabetes care.

This study examines risk factors for type 2 diabetes in children representing multiple discrete ethnic groups. It also examines the short term effects of school-based health education supervised exercise on metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in children. The investigators hypothesize that exercise and health education will significantly improve insulin sensitivity in all children, especially in children who are already insulin resistant, thereby lowering the risk that they will go on to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus. The specific hypotheses being tested are: Insulin resistance will be most evident in overweight children while an impaired ability of the pancreas to release insulin will be most evident in children with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exercise will significantly improve insulin resistance (as measured by the fasting glucose/insulin ratio) with little effect on insulin secretory capacity in children. Participation in a school-based health, nutrition, and exercise education program will have long term beneficial effects on health related behaviors and on insulin resistance in all children, regardless of their level of diabetes risk.

Hirsutism is the presence of terminal hairs in a male-like pattern in females, due to elevated male hormone levels. Females with hirsutism are often overweight and have metabolism disturbances as insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. The previous studies showed that patients with hirsutism (especially them with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)) have an increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus on the background of insulin resistance / hyperinsulinemia: 30-35 % of females with PCOS had impaired glucose tolerance and 5-10 % of them diabetes. Hyperinsulinemia increases the risk to develop dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. A previous study in our department who included 340 females with hirsutism (210 with idiopathic hirsutism and 134 with PCOS) showed that 6.6% of them had diabetes and 55% insulin resistance. There were only few long-term follow up studies of patients with hirsutism concerning their risk to develop diabetes. As far as we now, such studies on patients with idiopathic hirsutism are not available until now. Hirsutism is been treated with low dose oral contraceptives, which are suppressing androgen production. This treatment can also influence the risk to develop diabetes and atheromatosis. The previous studies showed that the low dose oral contraceptives had modest influence on the lipid profiles and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with hirsutism, but increased the risk to develop coronary disease. Aim To study and quantify, in patients with hirsutime, the risk to develop type 2 diabetes on the background of insulin resistance / decreased glucose tolerance and atheromatosis on the background of insulin resistance / hypercholesterolemia. To clarify the effect of P-pills on patients hair growth and metabolism.